Haplotype structures and polymorphisms of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class I loci shaped by intralocus and interlocus recombination events
In conclusion, the analysis for the occurrence of gene conversion within the dogDLA class I region revealed intralocus gene conversion tracts in 17 of 27DLA-88 alleles and two of 10DLA-12 alleles, suggesting that intralocus gene conversion has played an important role in expandingDLA allelic variations. (Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - January 7, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Secreted immunoglobulin domain effector molecules of invertebrates and management of gut microbial ecology
AbstractThe origins of a “pass-through” gut in early bilaterians facilitated the exploration of new habitats, motivated the innovation of feeding styles and behaviors, and helped drive the evolution of more complex organisms. The gastrointestinal tract has evolved to consist of a series of interwoven exchanges between n utrients, host immunity, and an often microbe-rich environmental interface. Not surprisingly, animals have expanded their immune repertoires to include soluble effectors that can be secreted into luminal spaces, e.g., in the gut, facilitating interactions with microbes in ways that influence their s ett...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 6, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Structural basis of NLR activation and innate immune signalling in plants
AbstractAnimals and plants have NLRs (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors) that recognize the presence of pathogens and initiate innate immune responses. In plants, there are three types of NLRs distinguished by their N-terminal domain: the CC (coiled-coil) domain NLRs, the TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain NLRs and the RPW8 (resistance to powdery mildew 8)-like coiled-coil domain NLRs. CC-NLRs (CNLs) and TIR-NLRs (TNLs) generally act as sensors of effectors secreted by pathogens, while RPW8-NLRs (RNLs) signal downstream of many sensor NLRs and are called helper NLRs. Recent studies have revealed three ...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 4, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
On the relationship between extant innate immune receptors and the evolutionary origins of jawed vertebrate adaptive immunity
AbstractFor over half a century, deciphering the origins of the genomic loci that form the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune response has been a major topic in comparative immunogenetics. Vertebrate adaptive immunity relies on an extensive and highly diverse repertoire of tandem arrays of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments that recombine to produce different immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes. The current consensus is that a recombination-activating gene (RAG)-like transposon invaded an exon of an ancient innate immune VJ-bearing receptor, giving rise to the extant diversity of Ig an...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 4, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Structural basis of NLR activation and innate immune signalling in plants
AbstractAnimals and plants have NLRs (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors) that recognize the presence of pathogens and initiate innate immune responses. In plants, there are three types of NLRs distinguished by their N-terminal domain: the CC (coiled-coil) domain NLRs, the TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain NLRs and the RPW8 (resistance to powdery mildew 8)-like coiled-coil domain NLRs. CC-NLRs (CNLs) and TIR-NLRs (TNLs) generally act as sensors of effectors secreted by pathogens, while RPW8-NLRs (RNLs) signal downstream of many sensor NLRs and are called helper NLRs. Recent studies have revealed three ...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 4, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
On the relationship between extant innate immune receptors and the evolutionary origins of jawed vertebrate adaptive immunity
AbstractFor over half a century, deciphering the origins of the genomic loci that form the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune response has been a major topic in comparative immunogenetics. Vertebrate adaptive immunity relies on an extensive and highly diverse repertoire of tandem arrays of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments that recombine to produce different immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes. The current consensus is that a recombination-activating gene (RAG)-like transposon invaded an exon of an ancient innate immune VJ-bearing receptor, giving rise to the extant diversity of Ig an...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 4, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Correction to: A survey of TIR domain sequence and structure divergence
(Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - January 3, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The evolution of innate immune receptors: investigating the diversity, distribution, and phylogeny of immune recognition across eukaryotes
(Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - December 15, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Correction to: C. elegans: out on an evolutionary limb
(Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - December 9, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Single-cell RNA-seq profiling of individual Biomphalaria glabrata immune cells with a focus on immunologically relevant transcripts
AbstractThe immune cells of the snailBiomphalaria glabrata are classified into hyalinocyte and granulocyte subtypes. Both subtypes are essential for the proper functioning of the snail immune response, which we understand best within the context of how it responds to challenge with the human parasiteSchistosoma mansoni. Granulocytes are adherent phagocytic cells that possess conspicuous granules within the cell cytoplasm. Hyalinocytes, on the other hand, are predominantly non-adherent and are known to produce a handful of anti-S. mansoni immune effectors. While our understanding of these cells has progressed, an in-depth c...
Source: Immunogenetics - December 2, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
