Type I interferon signaling, cognition and neurodegeneration following COVID-19: update on a mechanistic pathogenetic model with implications for Alzheimer ’s disease
COVID-19’s effects on the human brain reveal a multifactorial impact on cognition and the potential to inflict lasting neuronal damage. Type I interferon signaling, a pathway that represents our defense against pathogens, is primarily affected by COVID-19. Type I interferon signaling, however, is known to mediate cognitive dysfunction upon its dysregulation following synaptopathy, microgliosis and neuronal damage. In previous studies, we proposed a model of outside-in dysregulation of tonic IFN-I signaling in the brain following a COVID-19. This disruption would be mediated by the crosstalk between central and peripheral...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 18, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The “psychiatric” neuron: the psychic neuron of the cerebral cortex, revisited
Nearly 25 years ago, Dr. Patricia Goldman-Rakic published her review paper, “The ‘Psychic’ Neuron of the Cerebral Cortex,” outlining the circuit-level dynamics, neurotransmitter systems, and behavioral correlates of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex, particularly as they relate to working memory. In the decades since the release of this paper, the existing literature and our understanding of the pyramidal neuron have increased tremendously, and research is still underway to better characterize the role of the pyramidal neuron in both healthy and psychiatric disease states. In this review, we revisit Dr. Go...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 18, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Grasping affordance judgments depend on the object emotional value
DiscussionOur findings suggest that the emotional value of objects modulates affordance judgments in a way that favors careful manipulation and minimal physical contact with aversive stimuli. Finally, we discuss how this affective aspect of our experience of objects overlaps with what affordances are conceptualized to be, calling for further reexamination of the relationship between affordances and emotions. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 18, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysphagia in stroke patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Numerous studies have explored the use of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) intervention in post-stroke dysphagia. The primary aim of this umbrella review was to appraise the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs), with and without meta-analyses (MAs), that synthesized the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the effectiveness of rTMS in the management of dysphagia post-stroke. A secondary aim of was to evaluate the consistency and reliability of translational implications of rTMS for swallowing recovery after stroke across these SRs and MAs. We searched several databases ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Unveiling gender differences in psychophysiological dynamics: support for a two-dimensional autonomic space approach
DiscussionThe current results expand our understanding of the psychological aspects of the autonomic space model and psychophysiological associations. Gender differences and strengths and weaknesses of alternative physiological models are discussed. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
From body to world: empathy and the transformative power of cinematic imagination
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The SESAMEEG package: a probabilistic tool for source localization and uncertainty quantification in M/EEG
Source localization from M/EEG data is a fundamental step in many analysis pipelines, including those aiming at clinical applications such as the pre-surgical evaluation in epilepsy. Among the many available source localization algorithms, SESAME (SEquential SemiAnalytic Montecarlo Estimator) is a Bayesian method that distinguishes itself for several good reasons: it is highly accurate in localizing focal sources with comparably little sensitivity to input parameters; it allows the quantification of the uncertainty of the reconstructed source(s); it accepts user-defined a priori high- and low-probability search regions in ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Real-time EEG-based emotion recognition for neurohumanities: perspectives from principal component analysis and tree-based algorithms
Within the field of Humanities, there is a recognized need for educational innovation, as there are currently no reported tools available that enable individuals to interact with their environment to create an enhanced learning experience in the humanities (e.g., immersive spaces). This project proposes a solution to address this gap by integrating technology and promoting the development of teaching methodologies in the humanities, specifically by incorporating emotional monitoring during the learning process of humanistic context inside an immersive space. In order to achieve this goal, a real-time emotion recognition EE...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Structural volumetric and Periodic Table DTI patterns in Complex Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus —Toward the principles of a translational taxonomy
DiscussionThe findings of widespread and significant reductions in subcortical deep gray matter structures, in comparison to healthy controls, support the hypothesis that Complex NPH cohorts retain imaging features associated with Classic NPH. The use of the algorithm of the Periodic Table allowed for greater consistency in the interpretation of DTI results by focusing on patterns of injury rather than an over-reliance on the interrogation of individual measures by statistical significance alone. Our aim is to provide a prototype that could be refined for an approach toward the concept of a “translational taxonomy.” (S...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The effect of reward on motor learning: different stage, different effect
Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Inter-brain desynchronization in social interaction: a consequence of subjective involvement?
Hyperscanning approaches to human neuroscience aim to uncover the neural mechanisms of social interaction. They have been largely guided by the expectation that increased levels of engagement between two persons will be supported by higher levels of inter-brain synchrony (IBS). A common approach to measuring IBS is phase synchrony in the context of EEG hyperscanning. Yet the growing number of experimental findings does not yield a straightforward interpretation, which has prompted critical reflections about the field’s theoretical and methodological principles. In this perspective piece, we make a conceptual contribution...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Socio-cultural brain reprogramming –The uniqueness of human cognition
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Robustness of the self-referential process under normobaric hypoxia: an fNIRS study using the GLM and homologous cortical functional connectivity analyses
ConclusionConsidering that homologous connectivity reflects the default mode network, which is supposedly linked to continuous self-reference, stable strength of the connectivity in the self-reference condition under the hypoxia may suggest robust nature of the self-reference process under normobaric hypoxia. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Development of auditory scene analysis: a mini-review
Most auditory environments contain multiple sound waves that are mixed before reaching the ears. In such situations, listeners must disentangle individual sounds from the mixture, performing the auditory scene analysis. Analyzing complex auditory scenes relies on listeners ability to segregate acoustic events into different streams, and to selectively attend to the stream of interest. Both segregation and selective attention are known to be challenging for adults with normal hearing, and seem to be even more difficult for children. Here, we review the recent literature on the development of auditory scene analysis, present...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interpersonal eye-tracking reveals the dynamics of interacting minds
The human eye is a rich source of information about where, when, and how we attend. Our gaze paths indicate where and what captures our attention, while changes in pupil size can signal surprise, revealing our expectations. Similarly, the pattern of our blinks suggests levels of alertness and when our attention shifts between external engagement and internal thought. During interactions with others, these cues reveal how we coordinate and share our mental states. To leverage these insights effectively, we need accurate, timely methods to observe these cues as they naturally unfold. Advances in eye-tracking technology now e...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - March 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
