Absence of modulatory effects of 6Hz cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation on fear learning in men
In this study, we investigated the effects of cerebellar theta band transcranial alternating current stimulation (ctACS) administered during fear extinction training, based on previous evidence from animal studies suggesting a role of cerebellar theta oscillations in associative memory formation. To this end, thirty-seven healthy right-handed male participants were recruited for a two-day differential fear renewal paradigm. On day 1, they underwent acquisition training in context A followed by extinction training in context B. On day 2, recall was tested in contexts A and B. One group of participants received ctACS in the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Analysis of muscle synergy and gait kinematics during regain of gait function through rehabilitation in a monoplegic patient
ConclusionThe number of muscle synergies is considered to contribute to motor control. Rehabilitation training improves gait by increasing the number of muscle synergies on the paretic side and changing the weights of the muscles constituting the muscle synergies. From the changes on the non-paretic side, we propose the existence of compensatory mechanisms also on the non-paretic side. In muscle synergy analysis, in addition to the filters, the number of strides used in each analysis set has to be examined. This report highlights the issues of NNMF as analytical methods in gait training for stroke patients. (Source: Fronti...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Enhancing spatial navigation skills in mild cognitive impairment patients: a usability study of a new version of ANTaging software
This study sheds light on the potential of semi-immersive VR in aiding individuals with MCI, paving the way for enhanced spatial navigation interventions. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Influence of sport expertise in facilitating and inhibiting the recognition of the opponent ’s intentions in sailing
Starting from the proposed role of the mirror neuron system in the recognition of the intention underlying the actions of others, an experimental paradigm was implemented to test the role of sailing motor expertise in predicting the outcome of a competitor’s action. It was hypothesized that subjects with experience in sailing would correctly interpret the maneuver performed due to the activation of domain specific motor representations of the same movements and that subjects who practiced a sport different from sailing would perform worse because of the activation of irrelevant motor patterns. For doing so, a series of v...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Secondary outcomes of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (eCBT) for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
ConclusionA significant reduction was observed in all secondary outcomes employed and OCD-related functional impairments from baseline to post-treatment, which was maintained through 12-month follow-up. These results imply that after receiving eCBT, children and adolescents experienced substantial decrease in the negative impacts of OCD-related symptoms on their daily life, including home, school, and social interactions. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Frequency effects in linear discriminative learning
Word frequency is a strong predictor in most lexical processing tasks. Thus, any model of word recognition needs to account for how word frequency effects arise. The Discriminative Lexicon Model (DLM) models lexical processing with mappings between words' forms and their meanings. Comprehension and production are modeled via linear mappings between the two domains. So far, the mappings within the model can either be obtained incrementally via error-driven learning, a computationally expensive process able to capture frequency effects, or in an efficient, but frequency-agnostic solution modeling the theoretical endstate of ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Improving naturalistic neuroscience with patient engagement strategies
ConclusionWe believe that patient engagement increases compliance and study motivation through scientific empowerment of patients. While considering patient opinion on sensors or questionnaire questions may lead to more precise and reliable data acquisition, there was also a high demand for study support and engagement structures. Hence, we recommend the implementation of patient engagement in planning of chronic studies with complex designs, long recording durations or high demand for individual active study participation. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The combination of accent method and phonemic contrast: an innovative strategy to improve speech production on post-stroke dysarthria
ConclusionThe combination of phonemic contrast and Accent Method was verified to have an immediate effect on speech production in Mandarin speakers with post-stroke dysarthria and could be further validated in other diseases with impaired speech production in the clinic in the future. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Understanding the role of emotion in decision making process: using machine learning to analyze physiological responses to visual, auditory, and combined stimulation
This study investigates autonomic and central nervous system responses to emotional stimuli, including images, auditory cues, and their combination while recording physiological signals, namely the electrocardiogram, blood volume pulse, galvanic skin response, pupillometry, respiration, and the electroencephalogram. The primary goal of the proposed analysis is to compare emotional stimulation methods and to identify the most effective approach for distinct physiological patterns. A novel feature selection technique is applied to further optimize the separation of four emotional states. Basic machine learning approaches are...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Multisensory and lexical information in speech perception
Both multisensory and lexical information are known to influence the perception of speech. However, an open question remains: is either source more fundamental to perceiving speech? In this perspective, we review the literature and argue that multisensory information plays a more fundamental role in speech perception than lexical information. Three sets of findings support this conclusion: first, reaction times and electroencephalographic signal latencies indicate that the effects of multisensory information on speech processing seem to occur earlier than the effects of lexical information. Second, non-auditory sensory inp...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
BOLD cardiorespiratory pulsatility in the brain: from noise to signal of interest
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) contrast has been extensively used to map brain activity and connectivity in health and disease. Standard fMRI preprocessing includes different steps to remove confounds unrelated to neuronal activity. First, this narrative review explores how signal fluctuations due to cardiac and respiratory activity, usually considered as “physiological noise” and regressed out from fMRI time series. However, these signal components bear useful information about some mechanisms of brain functioning (e.g., glymphatic clearance) or cerebrovas...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Remote assessment of cognition in Parkinson ’s disease and Cerebellar Ataxia: the MoCA test in English and Hebrew
There is a critical need for accessible neuropsychological testing for basic research and translational studies worldwide. Traditional in-person neuropsychological studies are inherently difficult to conduct because testing requires the recruitment and participation of individuals with neurological conditions. Consequently, studies are often based on small sample sizes, are highly time-consuming, and lack diversity. To address these challenges, in the last decade, the utilization of remote testing platforms has demonstrated promising results regarding the feasibility and efficiency of collecting patient data online. Herein...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Real-world characterization of vestibular contributions during locomotion
This study will help support future work that seeks to better understand how the vestibular system contributes to balance in variable real-world environments. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural correlates of fanhood: the role of fan identity and team brand strength
DiscussionHigher-level identified fans showed increased reactivity to positive stimuli and the under-recruitment of their cognitive appraisal circuits, suggesting more vulnerability to marketers’ messages. The strength of the team brand activates different neural mechanisms. Interestingly, the posterior cingulate showed larger recruitment both for weaker brands and lower fan identification, suggesting that visual memory processes are more active in these cases. Neurally processed content depends on the relative brand’s strength, highlighting the importance of brand-focused communications. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 8, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Editorial: Emerging talents in human neuroscience: neuromodulation 2023
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
