Bilateral deep transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor and prefrontal cortices in Parkinson ’s disease: a comprehensive review
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, many of which are resistant to currently available treatments. Since the discovery that non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can cause dopamine release in PD patients, there has been growing interest in the use of TMS to fill existing gaps in the treatment continuum for PD. This review evaluates the safety and efficacy of a unique multifocal, bilateral Deep TMS protocol, which has been evaluated as a tool to address motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Six published clinical trials have de...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 24, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Genome-wide association study of motor coordination
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Executive function and adult homelessness, true impairment or frontal lobology?
Homelessness is associated with multiple risk factors for neurocognitive impairment. Past research with people experiencing homelessness has described “frontal lobe” dysfunction including behavioral disorders and executive cognitive impairments. In the current study, 72 adults experiencing homelessness were assessed with a standardized assessment of executive function, and interviewed regarding neurological and psychiatric history. When compared to a control sample of 25 never-homeless participants, and controlling for level of education, there was little evidence for executive dysfunction in the sample of people exper...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Case report: Movement analysis in oncological rehabilitation: proposal of a kinematic and surface electromyographic protocol in breast oncology
DiscussionThe promising protocol results underline its strengths, including the simplicity of use, combined with the reduced time required for processing the reports and the portability of the PC-sensors complex, making these analyses potentially valuable for patient care. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Intracranial electrophysiology of spectrally degraded speech in the human cortex
This study used intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to investigate cortical processing of spectrally degraded speech.MethodsParticipants were adult neurosurgical epilepsy patients. Stimuli were utterances /aba/ and /ada/, spectrally degraded using a noise vocoder (1–4 bands) or presented without vocoding. The stimuli were presented in a two-alternative forced choice task. Cortical activity was recorded using depth and subdural iEEG electrodes. Electrode coverage included auditory core in posteromedial Heschl’s gyrus (HGPM), superior temporal gyrus (STG), ventral and dorsal auditory-related areas, and prefrontal ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 22, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
EEG and EMG dataset for the detection of errors introduced by an active orthosis device
(Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 22, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Advanced framework for epilepsy detection through image-based EEG signal analysis
This study examines the application of a Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF) approach for the analysis of EEG signals. Additionally, it explores the utilization of image features, specifically the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) techniques, for the purpose of epilepsy detection in EEG data.MethodsThe proposed methodology encompasses the transformation of EEG signals into images based on GASF, followed by the extraction of features utilizing SIFT and ORB techniques, and ultimately, the selection of relevant features. A state-of-the-art machine learning classifier is empl...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 22, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A neural network underlying cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns
Concerns about food intake, weight and body shape can trigger negatively loaded emotions, which may prompt the use of cognitive strategies to regulate these emotional states. A novel fMRI task was developed to assess the neurobehavioral correlates of cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns, such as self-criticism, avoidance, rumination, and self-reassurance. Fourteen healthy females were presented audio sentences referring to these conditions and instructed to repeat these internally while engaging their thoughts with the content of food or body images. Participants were asked to report the e...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 22, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Comparing movement-related cortical potential between real and simulated movement tasks from an ecological validity perspective
ConclusionEcological validity of the study should be fully considered when investigating the cortical activity associated with motor skill learning using MRCP. Moreover, it is important to understand the differences between the two methods when applied clinically. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Is there an affective neuroscience of spirituality? The development and validation of the OCEANic feelings scale
This study presents the preliminary version of a self-report instrument to measure individual dispositions toward oceanic feelings in order to enable further research within the concept of primary emotions postulated by Jaak Panksepp.MethodsA first version of the questionnaire was applied to a total sample of 926 German-speaking adults of the general population. After performing item analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) in a first study (N = 300), the questionnaire was shortened. In a second study (N = 626), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and emerged scales were related to the already establish...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Thyroid function and epilepsy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionThis study indicates that there is no causal relationship between thyroid-related disorders and various types of epilepsy. Future research should aim to avoid potential confounding factors that might impact the study. (Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Early childhood malnutrition impairs adult resting brain function using near-infrared spectroscopy
This study aims to investigate functional brain network alterations using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in adults, aged 45–51 years, from the Barbados Nutrition Study (BNS) who suffered from a single episode of malnutrition restricted to their first year of life (n = 26) and controls (n = 29). A total of 55 individuals from the BNS cohort underwent NIRS recording at rest.Results and discussionUsing functional connectivity and permutation analysis, we found patterns of increased Pearson’s correlation with a specific vulnerability of the frontal cortex in the PEM group (ps < 0.05). Using a graph theoretical approa...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 17, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prefrontal network engagement by deep brain stimulation in limbic hubs
Prefrontal circuits in the human brain play an important role in cognitive and affective processing. Neuromodulation therapies delivered to certain key hubs within these circuits are being used with increasing frequency to treat a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the detailed neurophysiological effects of stimulation to these hubs are largely unknown. Here, we performed intracranial recordings across prefrontal networks while delivering electrical stimulation to two well-established white matter hubs involved in cognitive regulation and depression: the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) and ventral capsule/ventral str...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis overlapping neuropathology start in the first two decades of life in pollution exposed urbanites and brain ultrafine particulate matter and industrial nanoparticles, including Fe, Ti, Al, V, Ni, Hg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Pt, Ce, La, Pr and W are key players. Metropolitan Mexico City health crisis is in progress
The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are present in urban children exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), combustion and friction ultrafine PM (UFPM), and industrial nanoparticles (NPs). Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) forensic autopsies strongly suggest that anthropogenic UFPM and industrial NPs reach the brain through the nasal/olfactory, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and placental barriers. Diesel-heavy unregulated vehicles are a key UFPM source for 21.8 million MMC residents....
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Heterogeneities of the perceptual-motor style during locomotion at height
In this study, we aimed to investigate the modulation of perceptual-motor style during locomotion at height in 16 persons with no history of fear of heights or acrophobia. We used an inexpensive virtual reality (VR) video game. In this VR game, Richie’s Plank, the person progresses on a narrow plank placed between two buildings at the height of the 30th floor. Our first finding was that the static markers (head, trunk and limb configurations relative to the gravitational vertical) and some dynamic markers (jerk, root mean square, sample entropy and two-thirds power law at head, trunk and limb level) we had previously ide...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - January 12, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research