Delayed Puberty Including Constitutional Delay
This article reviews the causes of delayed puberty focusing on CDGP, including new advances in the understanding of the genetics underpinning CDGP, a clinical approach to discriminating CDGP from other causes of delayed puberty, outcomes, as well as current and potential emerging management options. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - February 19, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jennifer Harrington Source Type: research

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Delayed puberty is defined as absent testicular enlargement in boys or breast development in girls at an age that is 2 to 2.5 SDS later than the mean age at which these events occur in the population (traditionally, 14 years in boys and 13 years in girls). One cause of delayed/absent puberty is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), which refers to inadequate hypothalamic/pituitary function leading to deficient production of sex steroids in males and females. Individuals with HH typically have normal gonads, and thus HH differs from hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, which is associated with primary gonadal insufficiency. (Sourc...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - February 19, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kanthi Bangalore Krishna, John S. Fuqua, Selma F. Witchel Source Type: research

Primary Amenorrhea and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
This review focuses on primary amenorrhea and primary/premature ovarian insufficiency due to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Following a thoughtful, thorough evaluation, a diagnosis can usually be discerned. Pubertal induction and ongoing estrogen replacement therapy are often necessary. Shared decision-making involving the patient, family, and health-care team can empower the young person and family to successfully thrive with these chronic conditions. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - February 19, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Svetlana A. Yatsenko, Selma F. Witchel, Catherine M. Gordon Source Type: research

Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty with a Focus on Girls
The age of thelarche has declined in the past few decades but not the age of menarche. This is important when assessing girls who present with breast development between 6 and 8 years because not all of them will need treatment.  The decision for treatment depends on age, bone age (BA), rate of pubertal progression, height velocity, psychosocial factors, and predicted adult height (PAH), with the caveat that height predictions are not precise and BA interpretation is variable. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - February 17, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kanthi Bangalore Krishna, Karen O. Klein, Erica Eugster Source Type: research

Type 1 Diabetes
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Osagie Ebekozien Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Contributors
ROBERT RAPAPORT, MD (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Contents
Robert Rapaport (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Early and Late Presentation of Physical Changes of Puberty: Precocious and Delayed Puberty Revisited (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes affects an ever-increasing number of people both in the United States and worldwide. In children and young adults, Type 2 diabetes has shown a remarkable increase over the last two decades. Still, most children and youth affected by diabetes have Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The incidence and prevalence of T1DM have increased and continue to increase both nationally and internationally. Hence it is appropriate that an issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America be dedicated to T1DM. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - December 20, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Robert Rapaport Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Stakeholder Engagement in Type 1 Diabetes Research, Quality Improvement, and Clinical Care
The integration of stakeholder engagement (SE) in research, quality improvement (QI), and clinical care has gained significant traction. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires complex daily management and care from a multidisciplinary team across the lifespan. Inclusion of key stakeholder voices, including patients, caregivers, health care providers and community advocates, in the research process and implementation of clinical care is critical to ensure representation of perspectives that match the values and goals of the patient population. This review describes the current framework for SE and its applicatio...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - December 7, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nicole Rioles, Christine March, Cynthia E. Mu ñoz, Jeniece Ilkowitz, Amy Ohmer, Risa M. Wolf Source Type: research

Improving Outcomes for People with Type 1 Diabetes Through Collaboration
This article summarizes insights from T1DX-QI clinical and population health improvement studies. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - December 7, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Osagie Ebekozien, Ann Mungmode, Holly Hardison, Robert Rapaport Source Type: research

Type 1 and Covid-19: Diagnosis, Clinical Care, and Health Outcomes during the Pandemic
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted health care, creating challenges for people with diabetes and health care systems. Diabetes was recognized as a risk factor for severe disease early in the pandemic. Subsequently, risk factors specific for people with type 1 diabetes were identified, including age, hemoglobin A1c level, and lack of continuous glucose monitoring . Telemedicine, especially when accompanied by diabetes data, allowed effective remote care delivery. However, pre-existing racial disparities in access to diabetes technology persisted and were associated with worse outcomes. Events of the ...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 28, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Emily Breidbart, Mary Pat Gallagher Source Type: research

Incorporating the Six Core Elements of Health Care Transition in Type 1 Diabetes Care for Emerging Adults
This article reviews strategies to incorporate the Six Core Elements into ambulatory diabetes care to support successful health care transition for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - October 31, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Faisal S. Malik, Kathryn W. Weaver, Sarah D. Corathers, Patience H. White Source Type: research

Psychosocial Care for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
The intensive demands of diabetes care can be difficult for youth with type 1 diabetes and their families to integrate into daily life. Standards of care in pediatric diabetes highlight the importance of evidence-based psychosocial interventions to optimize self-management behaviors and psychological well-being. The current review summarizes select systematic reviews and meta-analyses on evidence-based behavioral health interventions in pediatric diabetes. Interventions include strategies to strengthen youth psychosocial skills, improve family dynamics and caregiver mental health, enhance health and mental health equity, a...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - October 31, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jenna B. Shapiro, Kimberly P. Garza, Marissa A. Feldman, Madeleine C. Suhs, Julia Ellis, Amanda Terry, Kelsey R. Howard, Jill Weissberg-Benchell Source Type: research