Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Risks of Testosterone for Postmenopausal Women
Transdermal testosterone therapy, dosed within premenopausal physiologic testosterone ranges, used alone or with menopausal hormone therapy for postmenopausal hypoactive sexual desire disorder, has shown short-term efficacy, with few androgenic side effects. After natural or surgical menopause, meaningful improvements include an additional satisfying sexual episode per month; improvement in desire, arousal, orgasm, pleasure, and responsiveness; and a reduction in distress. Long-term data on cardiovascular, cancer, and cognitive safety are lacking. No approved testosterone preparation is available for women. Compounded test...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 11, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: JoAnn V. Pinkerton, Isabella Blackman, Edward Alexander Conner, Andrew M. Kaunitz Source Type: research

Use of Testosterone in Postmenopausal Women
This article reviews the physiology of testosterone in women, summarizes the findings from observational studies and clinical trials, and considers indications for testosterone use. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 11, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Susan R. Davis Source Type: research

Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism
Evidence of clinical and/or biochemical androgen excess poses a unique differential in postmenopausal women. Some signs and symptoms of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism can be normal and attributed to the natural aging process. However, the causes of androgen excess in this group include both nontumorous and tumorous causes. Treatment of androgen excess may improve both quality of life and long-term metabolic outcomes. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 11, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Adnin Zaman, Micol S. Rothman Source Type: research

Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia encompasses a group of autosomal recessive defects in cortisol biosynthesis, and 21-hydroxylase deficiency accounts for 95% of such cases. Non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency is due to partial enzymatic defects, which present with normal cortisol synthesis, but excessive production of adrenal androgens, including 11-oxygenated androgens. Non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency is relatively common, and its phenotype resembles closely that of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review focuses primarily on non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency, its clinical features, diagnosis, and management. (Sou...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 8, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Smita Jha, Adina F. Turcu Source Type: research

Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women and is associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, venous thromboembolism, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Clinicians and patients alike need to be aware of these increased risks as well as new international guidelines that recommend frequent screening and active management of metabolic abnormalities. Given that the data on risk of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, in women with PCOS is mixed, future l...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 8, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Laura G. Cooney, Anuja Dokras Source Type: research

Fertility Issues in Polycystic Ovarian Disease
The triad of hirsutism, amenorrhea, and enlarged polycystic ovaries first was described in 1935 and later become known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS are more likely to have cardiometabolic challenges that also have an indirect relationship to their fertility and fertility outcomes. Despite these challenges, their fertile life span appears to be longer. Ovulation induction is considered first-line management of infertility in women with PCOS, with letrozole superior to clomiphene. Women with PCOS undergoing in  vitro fertilization are high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome but also have a ...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - January 4, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: John S. Rushing, Nanette Santoro Source Type: research

Androgens in Women: Too Much, Too Little, Just Right
It is my great pleasure to announce the new issue of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America dedicated to the role and pathologic condition of androgen hormones in women. The guest editor is Dr Margaret E Wierman, Professor of Medicine, Obstetrics, and Gynecology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr Wierman is a leader in the field and has authored multiple publications on the physiology of hormone secretion during the menstrual cycle, pathophysiologic pathways of hypogonadism, sexual dysfunction, androgen excess, and androgen use in women. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - December 28, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Adriana G. Ioachimescu Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Why Focus on Androgens in Women?
Over the last 10 years, there have been major advances in our understanding of the role of testosterone, DHEA, and other adrenal prohormones in the normal physiology of women as well as their role in pathologic disorders. Advances in accurate measurements of androgens have allowed revisiting of the definitions of “low, normal, and high” levels. This issue is focused on the latest research into what is “normal, high, and potentially low” and the implications of androgen excess or deficiency in various disorders. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - December 27, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Margaret E. Wierman Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Advances in the Bone Health Assessment of Children
The last 2  decades have seen tremendous growth in understanding the clinical characteristics of various childhood bone disorders, their mechanisms and natural histories, and their responses to treatment. In this review, the authors describe advances in bone assessment techniques for children. In addition, th ey provide their skeletal site–specific applications, underscore the principles that are relevant to the biology of the growing child, show how these methods assist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric bone diseases, and highlight how these techniques have shed light on bone development an d underlying dise...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Leanne M. Ward, Victor N. Konji Source Type: research

Insights into the Genetic Underpinnings of Endocrine Traits from Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Studies
Great strides have been made in genetic association studies of endocrine traits and diseases, with hundreds or thousands of variants associated with height, body mass index, bone density, pubertal timing, and diabetes in recent years. The common variants associated with these traits explain up to half of the trait variation owing to genetic factors, and when aggregated into polygenic risk scores, can also impact clinically relevant phenotypes at the tail ends of the trait distributions. However, pediatric studies tend to lag behind, and it is often unclear how adult-associated variants behave across life. (Source: Endocrin...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Diana L. Cousminer, Struan F.A. Grant Source Type: research

Delayed and Precocious Puberty: Genetic Underpinnings and Treatments
Delayed puberty may signify a common variation of normal development, or indicate the presence of a pathologic process. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is a strongly familial type of developmental pattern and accounts for the vast majority of children who are “late bloomers.” Individuals with sex chromosomal abnormalities frequently have hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. There are currently 4 known monogenic causes of central precocious puberty. The primary treatment goal in children with hypogonadism is to mimic normal pubertal progression, while the primary aims for the management of precocious puberty are p...
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Anisha Gohil, Erica A. Eugster Source Type: research

Preface
The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in both our understanding and our treatment of many endocrine disorders. Similarly, the care of youth with chronic medical conditions has accelerated. While some therapeutic successes celebrate the capacity to reverse or even avert development of endocrine complications, other triumphs are accompanied by the emergence of endocrine comorbidities. For some childhood disorders, the jury remains undecided as to whether endocrine comorbidities are prevented or merely delayed. (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrea Kelly Source Type: research

Pediatric Endocrinology
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrea Kelly Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Contributors
ADRIANA G. IOACHIMESCU, MD, PhD, FACE (Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America)
Source: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - November 3, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research