Tall Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Impact of Change in WHO Definition and Molecular Analysis
AbstractThe morphologic criteria for tall cell variant (TCV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were modified in the 2017 WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs, with a decrease in the requirements for both the height of cells and in the percentage of tumor demonstrating a tall cell morphology. The aim of this study was to determine if the change in criteria would result in a significant increase in the percentage of tumors that meet criteria for TCV. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between morphology, molecular alterations, and clinical behavior of TCV. We studied three cohorts to evaluate the above ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 18, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Expression of Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 (INSM1) and Orthopedia Homeobox (OTP) in Tumors with Neuroendocrine Differentiation at Rare Sites
AbstractInsulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) and orthopedia homeobox (OTP) are transcription factors that play a critical role in neuroendocrine (NE) and neuroepithelial cell development. INSM1 has been identified in multiple tumors of NE or neuroepithelial origin, whereas OTP expression has been mainly studied in NE tumors of pulmonary origin. Expression of OTP appears to correlate with poorer prognosis in pulmonary carcinoids; however, its expression patterns in other NE/neuroepithelial tumors need further investigation. Here, we assessed the diagnostic utility of INSM1 and OTP in tumors with NE differentiation at rel...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 6, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis —a Specific Set of Markers to Detect Primary Tumor Sites
AbstractThe diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) is often made at an advanced stage of disease, including hepatic metastasis. At this point, the primary may still be unknown and sometimes cannot even be detected by functional imaging, especially in very small tumors of the pancreas (pan) and small intestinal (si) entities. The site of the primary may be based on biopsy specimens of the liver applying a specific set of markers. Specimens of liver metastases from 87 patients with NENs were studied. In retrospect, 50 patients had si and 37 pan NENs. Tissue samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The markers app...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 19, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Increased Expression of GARP in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
In this study, immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of GARP and Foxp3 in 19 human PTC tissues (including 10 cases with and 9 cases without lymph node metastasis) and 20 benign thyroid diseases (including 10 cases with nodular goiter and 10 cases with adenoma). Compared with benign thyroid diseases, we found a significant increase in the expression of GARP in PTC. Increased GARP expression in PTC was positively correlated with increased expression of Foxp3, which is very important for development of Tregs. But, there is no significant association of elevated expression of GARP with lymph node metasta...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 16, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The Role of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Analysis of Succinate Dehydrogenase in the Diagnosis of Endocrine and Non-Endocrine Tumors and Related Syndromes
AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme complex, composed of four protein subunits, that plays a role in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. The genes for SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD are located in the nuclear DNA, and mutations in these genes have initially been described in paragangliomas (PGL) and pheochromocytomas (PCC), which are relatively rare tumors derived from the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla, respectively. Patients with SDH mutations, that are almost exclusively in the germline, are frequently affected by multiple PGL and/or PCC. In addition, other tumors ha...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 12, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
ID Proteins May Reduce Aggressiveness of Thyroid Tumors
We examinedID expression and their correlation with diagnostic and prognostic features aiming to find a clinical application in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) cases. mRNA levels ofID1,ID2,ID3, andID4 genes were quantified and their expression was observed by immunohistochemistry in 194 thyroid samples including 68 goiters, 16 follicular adenomas, 75 classic papillary thyroid carcinomas, 18 follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 5 follicular thyroid carcinomas, and 1 anaplastic thyroid cancer, besides 11 normal thyroid tissues. DTC patients were managed according to standard protocols and followed up fo...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - November 9, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Comparison of Monitor-Image and Printout-Image Methods in Ki-67 Scoring of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
AbstractGastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) are classified according to tumor grade. Ki-67 and mitotic count are the two determinants of this classification. Therefore, Ki-67 scoring becomes very important in classifying the patients accurately. Eye-balling, counting of cells through the microscope, automated image analysis systems, and manual counting of printed image are the four major scoring methods in use. The aim of this study is to show the agreement between monitor-image method (MIM) and printout-image method (PIM) of Ki-67 scoring. In our study, 120 GEP-NETs from 85 patients diagnosed between Ja...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - October 26, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
A Young Male with Parafibromin-Deficient Parathyroid Carcinoma Due to a Rare Germline HRPT2/CDC73 Mutation
We describe a 25-year-old male with hyperparathyroidism presenting with a pathological fracture, brown tumors, hypercalcemia, and markedly elevated parathyroid hormone levels. There was no family history of hyperparathyroidism or jaw tumors. Surgical remo val revealed a single large tumor confirmed to be malignant. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the absence of parafibromin and decreased APC (adenomatosis polyposis coli) expression. Genetic analysis revealed a rare germline nonsense mutation (R76X) in the parafibromin gene, HRPT2/CDC73. Parathy roid carcinoma should be suspected as a cause of hyperparathyroidism when...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - October 25, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Endocrine Pathology Society Hubert Wolfe Award for 2018: Call for Nominations
(Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - October 24, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Cytomorphological Analysis of Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: a Fine Needle Aspiration Study of Diagnostic Clues in 42 Cases and the Impact of Using Bethesda System in Reporting —an Institutional Experience
In this study, we aimed to explore whether FNAC can demonstrate diagnostic clues by re-evaluating cytology slides from histopathologically diagnosed FVPTC cases. A total of 42 patients were enrolled in this study: patients were diagnosed with FVPTC via surgical resection between 2006 and 2016, and all patients were subjected to preoperative FNAC, which was conducted at either a private center or at the teaching hospital of Kocaeli University and reported by the same cytopathologist (NP). Clinical and cytomorphological characteristics were reviewed by both authors .Most cases (76.2%) are diagnosed either Bethesda IV or V. T...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - October 12, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
TERT Immunohistochemistry Is a Poor Predictor of TERT Promoter Mutations and Gene Expression in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
(Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - October 10, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
TEKT4 Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation, Colony Formation, and Metastasis through Activating PI3K/Akt Pathway
This study was designed to investigate the function of TEKT4 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The effect of TEKT4 on aggressive behavior of PTC cell lines, namely, TPC1 and BCPAP, transfected with small interfering RNA was identified through cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. Our previous study revealed that TEKT4 may be vital in PTC. In in vitro experiments, TEKT4 downregulation suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion. Our data also indicated that tumor-suppressing role of TEKT4 knockdown in PTC cell lines was associated with the silence of the PI3K/Akt p...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - September 25, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Clinically Relevant Prognostic Parameters in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
AbstractAlthough differentiated thyroid carcinomas typically pursue an indolent clinical course, it is important to identify the subset of tumors that are most likely to behave aggressively so that patients with these tumors are counseled and treated appropriately. Extent of disease is fundamental to the prognostication for differentiated thyroid carcinoma; however, there are additional histologic features of the tumor separate from extent of disease that have been shown to affect clinical course. This review will start with a discussion of aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma, move to the prognostic signific...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - September 20, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
