Expression of Prox1 in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Is Associated with Chromogranin A and Calcitonin Expression and with Ki67 Proliferative Index, but Not with Prognosis
In conclusion, Prox1 expression in MTC is positively correlated with Ki67 and with the immunohistochemical expression of chromogranin A and calcitonin. However, the present study does not support a role for Prox1 in MTC prognosis. (Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 16, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): Update and Diagnostic Considerations —a Review
AbstractAdvances in our understanding of thyroid lesions, especially those entities with an indolent behavior, has led clinicians to question the most appropriate surgical management of such thyroid nodules. Several studies have shown that the non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas (NI-EFVPC) exhibits poor histopathologic diagnostic reproducibility and have been over-treated as conventional thyroid cancer. In 2015, an international thyroid working group re-evaluated NI-EFVPC and its diagnostic criteria. The new terminology of “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-li...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - April 4, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Diagnostic Pitfall: Parathyroid Carcinoma Expands the Spectrum of Calcitonin and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expressing Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
(Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - March 21, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
PITX2 Expression in Non-functional Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor with Cavernous Sinus Invasion
In this study, we analyzed the relationship between CS invasion in PitNETs and the expression of PITX2 and SNAIL1, which are the transcription factors associated with the morphogenesis of pituitary gland. Sixty cases with non-functional PitNETs were classified into four types: type 1a, none of CS invasion and suprasellar expansion; type 1b, suprasellar expansion without CS invasion; type 2a, CS invasion without suprasellar expansion; and type 2b, CS invasion with suprasellar expansion. We analyzed the expression of PITX2 and SNAIL1 employing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. ...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - March 21, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Negative Results on Thyroid Molecular Testing Decrease Rates of Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules
AbstractMolecular tests and mutational panels such as Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) and ThyroSeq, respectively, have been used to help risk stratify cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with the aim to reduce unnecessary surgeries. We studied the effect of molecular testing on the rate of surgical resection in these nodules. Thyroid nodules with indeterminate (Bethesda III/IV) cytology that underwent molecular testing (GEC or ThyroSeq) at our institution between June 2012 and August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. We collected demographics, cytology diagnoses, molecular test results, and whether surgic...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - March 1, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Associated with Germline Pathogenic Variants in the Homologous Recombination Pathway
(Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 16, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
MiRNA-3653 Is a Potential Tissue Biomarker for Increased Metastatic Risk in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) are relatively uncommon, accounting for 1 –2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Tumour grade (based on the Ki67 proliferative index and mitotic rate) is associated with metastatic risk across large cohorts; however, predicting the behaviour of individual tumours can be difficult. Therefore, any tool which could further stratify metastatic risk may be clinically beneficial. We sought to investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression as a marker of metastatic disease in PNETs. Tumours from 37 patients, comprising 23 with locoregional disease (L) and 14 with distant metastases (DM), und...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 14, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Correction to: Evaluation of 167 Gene Expression Classifier ( GEC ) and ThyroSeq v2 Diagnostic Accuracy in the Preoperative Assessment of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Bivariate/HROC Meta-analysis
The original version of the article unfortunately contained an error. (Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - February 8, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
An Institutional Experience of Tumor Progression to Pituitary Carcinoma in a 15-Year Cohort of 1055 Consecutive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors
AbstractPituitary carcinoma is a rare disease, defined by the presence of cerebrospinal or distant metastasis of a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). To review our institutional experience of pituitary carcinoma, we searched the database of the UHN Endocrine Oncology Site group and the University Health Network pathology laboratory information system from 2001 to 2016. Among 1055 PitNETs from 1169 transsphenoidal resections, we identified 4 cases of pituitary carcinoma, indicating that pituitary carcinoma represents around 0.4% of PitNETs. All four patients were women. The age at initial presentation ranged from 23 t...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 31, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Revisiting the Significance of Prominent C Cells in the Thyroid
We examined the number of C cells and solid cell nests (ultimobranchial body remnants) present in 118 completion thyroidectomy specimens from patients without medullary carcinoma and with no risk factors for MEN2. Morphological review was performed on all H&E-stained slides, and immunohistochemistry for calcitonin was performed on one block from each case. Solid cell nests were found in 4 (3.3%) of thyroids. Increased numbers of C cells sufficient to fulfil criteria for C cell hyperplasia were found in 5 (4.2%) to 36 (30.5%) cases depending on the criteria used. We conclude that large numbers of C cells are commonly fo...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 29, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Modified Transverse-Vertical Gross Examination: a Better Method for the Detection of Definite Capsular Invasion in Encapsulated Follicular-Patterned Thyroid Neoplasms
In this study, we present a modified transverse-vertical gross examination method with additional vertical cuts at the upper and lower ends of thyroid nodules. In addition, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with EFPTC between conventional and modified methods. The diagnostic rate of follicular thyroid carcinoma and invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma was higher with the modified method (p = 0.003 andp = 0.028, respectively). Furthermore, the paraffin block number and the number of capsular invasion per centimeter were significantly higher with the mo...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 19, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The Prognostic Roles of the Ki-67 Proliferation Index, P53 Expression, Mitotic Index, and Radiological Tumor Invasion in Pituitary Adenomas
AbstractThe fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pituitary tumors recommended evaluation of tumor proliferation and invasion to identify aggressiveness. We aimed to assess the prognostic roles of the Ki-67 proliferation index, mitotic index, P53 expression, and cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas (PAs). Among the 601 patients who underwent transnasal/transsphenoidal adenomectomy from 2001 to 2016, 101 patients (16.8%) who had tumors with a high ( ≥ 3%) Ki-67 index (group A) and a control group consisting of 43 patients with a low (< 3%) Ki 67 index who were matched fo...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 4, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Plurihormonal Pituitary Tumor of Pit-1 and SF-1 Lineages, with Synchronous Collision Corticotroph Tumor: a Possible Stem Cell Phenomenon
We report an unusual plurihormonal tumor co-expressing Pit-1 and SF-1 along with hormones made by cells of both lineages. Its simultaneous occurrence adjacent to a corticotroph tumor raises questions regarding the pathogenesis of these tumors. We pr opose the possibility of a stem cell tumor with multiple lineage differentiation. We hypothesize that pregnancy might have played a permissive role in tumorigenesis. (Source: Endocrine Pathology)
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 4, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Long Non-coding RNAs MALAT1 and HOTAIR in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
In this study, we evaluated the expressions and prognostic significance of MALAT1 and HOTAIR in 83 cases of GEP-NENs (60 grade 1, 17 grade 2, and 6 grade 3 tumors) diagnosed during the years 2005 –2017. Expression levels of MALAT1 and HOTAIR were digitally quantitated in assembled tissue microarray slides labeled by chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) using InForm 1.4.0 software. We found diffuse nuclear expression of both HOTAIR and MALAT1 in all primary tumors of GEP-NENs with variab le intensities. By multivariate model which adjusted for age and histologic grade, high expression of HOTAIR was associated with lowe...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - January 2, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Evaluation of 167 Gene Expression Classifier ( GEC ) and ThyroSeq v2 Diagnostic Accuracy in the Preoperative Assessment of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Bivariate/HROC Meta-analysis
The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the performance of theGene Expression Classifier (GEC) andThyroSeq v2 (ThyroSeq) in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine-needle aspiration biopsy results. We searched literature databases from January 2001 to April 2018. The bivariate model analysis was performed to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR −), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Pooled data from 1086 nodules with histopathologic confirmation from 16GEC studies enabled calcul...
Source: Endocrine Pathology - December 27, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
