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Adipose tissue-derived lipokines in metabolism
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Jul 18;81:102089. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102089. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdipose tissue is a crucial regulator of metabolism with functions that include energy storage and dissipation as well as the secretion of bioactive molecules. As the largest endocrine organ in the body, the adipose tissue produces diverse bioactive molecules, including peptides, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, which communicate with and modulate the function of other organs. In recent years, lipid metabolites, also known as lipokines, have emerged as key signaling molecules that actively participate in multip...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - July 20, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tadataka Tsuji Yu-Hua Tseng Source Type: research

Jack of all trades versus master of one: how generalist versus specialist strategies of transposable elements relate to their horizontal transfer between lineages
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Jul 15;81:102080. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102080. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTransposable elements (TEs) are obligate genomic parasites, relying on host germline cells to ensure their replication and passage to future generations. While some TEs exhibit high fidelity to their host genome, being passed from parent to offspring through vertical transmission for millions of years, others frequently invade new and distantly related hosts through horizontal transfer. In this review, I highlight how the complexity of interactions between TE and host required for transposition may be an important dete...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - July 17, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Erin S Kelleher Source Type: research

Recent advances in stem cell-based blastocyst models
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Jul 12;81:102088. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102088. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEarly embryo development is a highly dynamic process that plays a crucial role in determining the health and characteristics of an organism. For many years, embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell lines representing various developmental stages have served as valuable models for studying early embryogenesis. As our understanding of stem cell culture and embryo development has advanced, researchers have been able to create more sophisticated 3D structures mimicking early embryos, such as blastocyst-like structures (blast...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - July 14, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Seiya Oura James N Hamilton Jun Wu Source Type: research

Human trophoblast stem cell-state acquisition from pluripotent stem cells and somatic cells
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Jul 12;81:102084. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102084. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFor an extended period of time, research on human embryo implantation and early placentation was hindered by ethical limitation and lack of appropriate in vitro models. Recently, an explosion of new research has significantly expanded our knowledge of early human trophoblast development and facilitated the derivation and culture of self-renewing human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs). Multiple approaches have been undertaken in efforts to derive and understand hTSCs, including from blastocysts, early trophoblast tissue, ...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - July 14, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Moriyah Naama Yosef Buganim Source Type: research