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Editorial overview: Early embryonic development models: back to the beginning
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 26;85:102175. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102175. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38417270 | DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2024.102175 (Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development)
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 28, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Miguel A Esteban Jose M Polo Source Type: research

The influencers' era: how the environment shapes chromatin in 3D
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 27;85:102173. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102173. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnvironment-epigenome interactions are emerging as contributors to disease risk and health outcomes. In fact, organisms outside of the laboratory are constantly exposed to environmental changes that can influence chromatin regulation at multiple levels, potentially impacting on genome function. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on how major external cues impact on 3D chromatin organization in different experimental systems. We will describe environment-induced 3D genome alterations ranging from chromati...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 28, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lorenz Pudelko Daphne S Cabianca Source Type: research

Epigenetic control and manipulation of neuronal maturation timing
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 26;85:102164. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102164. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDuring brain development, the sequence of developmental steps and the underlying transcriptional regulatory logic are largely conserved across species. However, the temporal unfolding of developmental programs varies dramatically across species and within a given species varies across brain regions and cell identities. The maturation of neurons in the human cerebral cortex is particularly slow and lasts for many years compared with only a few weeks for the corresponding mouse neurons. The mechanisms setting the 'schedu...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 27, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Gabriele Ciceri Lorenz Studer Source Type: research

Approaches to probe and perturb long noncoding RNA functions in diseases
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 26;85:102158. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102158. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules exceeding 200 nucleotides in length that lack long open-reading frames. Transcribed predominantly by RNA polymerase II (>500nt), lncRNAs can undergo splicing and are produced from various regions of the genome, including intergenic regions, introns, and in antisense orientation to protein-coding genes. Aberrations in lncRNA expression or function have been associated with a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and ne...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 27, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Guiping Wang Yannick Lee-Yow Howard Y Chang Source Type: research

Hexasomal particles: consequence or also consequential?
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 26;85:102163. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102163. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIt is long known that an RNA polymerase transcribing through a nucleosome can generate subnucleosomal particles called hexasomes. These particles lack an H2A-H2B dimer, breaking the symmetry of a nucleosome and revealing new interfaces. Whether hexasomes are simply a consequence of RNA polymerase action or they also have a regulatory impact remains an open question. Recent biochemical and structural studies of RNA polymerases and chromatin remodelers with hexasomes motivated us to revisit this question. Here, we build ...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 27, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Upneet Kaur Elise N Mu ñoz Geeta J Narlikar Source Type: research

Therapeutic index of targeting select chromatin complexes in human cancer patients
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 23;85:102162. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102162. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAberrant chromatin regulation can promote the initiation and progression of human cancer. An improved understanding of such mechanisms has resulted in the identification of cancers with an enhanced dependency on specific chromatin regulatory proteins relative to nonmalignant cell types. Hence, targeting of such complexes with small molecules has significant therapeutic potential in oncology. In recent years, several drugs have been developed and evaluated in human cancer patients, which can influence tumor biology by r...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 24, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Yuan Gao Christopher R Vakoc Source Type: research

Cohesin regulation and roles in chromosome structure and function
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb 20;85:102159. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102159. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChromosome structure regulates DNA-templated processes such as transcription of genes. Dynamic changes to chromosome structure occur during development and in disease contexts. The cohesin complex is a molecular motor that regulates chromosome structure by generating DNA loops that bring two distal genomic sites into close spatial proximity. There are many open questions regarding the formation and dissolution of DNA loops, as well as the role(s) of DNA loops in regulating transcription of the interphase genome. This r...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - February 21, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Natalie L Rittenhouse Jill M Dowen Source Type: research