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Overcoming muscle stem cell aging
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Oct 13;83:102127. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102127. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTReduced muscle strength and mass is one of the hallmarks of physiological aging in humans and can result in severe impairment of the quality of life. In part this is caused by a functional loss of the highly specialized muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which in healthy conditions provide maintenance, growth, and regeneration. Recent progress in understanding of the stem cell niche and results from single cell technologies reveal exciting insights at unprecedented detail into MuSCs and muscle biology during aging. Here, we re...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - October 15, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Sebastian Memczak Juan Ci Belmonte Source Type: research

Using human pluripotent stem cells to dissect trophoblast development
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Oct 7;83:102126. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102126. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn 2021, we showed that naive human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into trophoblasts via trophectoderm (TE)-like cells. Since TE is a pre-implantation stage of trophoblasts constituting blastocysts, naive human PSCs are an invaluable tool for understanding the entire process of trophoblast development. It has been reported for many years that primed human PSCs can also differentiate into the trophoblast lineage. The in vitro differentiation of naive and primed human PSCs hints at the possibility that hu...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - October 9, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Daisuke Suzuki Kuan-Chun Lan Yasuhiro Takashima Source Type: research

An update on human pre- and peri-implantation development: a blueprint for blastoids
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Oct 4;83:102125. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102125. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite over 40 years following the first birth from medically assisted reproduction (MAR) technologies, mechanisms underlying the key developmental events during the first 7 days of human development, such as signaling pathway contribution, are remaining a mystery. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of how the human preimplantation embryo develops would support the optimization of embryo quality assessment methods and culturing conditions, thereby increasing the success rate of MAR. However, the limited availability...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - October 6, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Laurent David Alexandre Bruneau Thomas Fr éour Nicolas Rivron Hilde Van de Velde Source Type: research

Can we stop one heart from breaking: triumphs and challenges in cardiac reprogramming
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Oct 3;83:102116. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102116. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIschemic cardiac injury causes irreversible muscle loss and scarring, but recent years have seen dramatic advances in cardiac reprogramming, the field focused on regenerating cardiac muscle. With SARS-CoV2 increasing the age-adjusted cardiovascular disease mortality rate, it is worth evaluating the state of this field. Here, we summarize novel innovations in reprogramming strategies, insights into their mechanisms, and technologies for factor delivery. We also propose a broad model of reprogramming to suggest directions...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - October 5, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Brian Spurlock Jiandong Liu Li Qian Source Type: research

Editorial overview: Fat tissue in focus: Assembled deeply insightful perspectives on state-of-the-art explorations
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Oct 2;83:102117. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102117. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37793214 | DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2023.102117 (Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development)
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - October 4, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Zach Gerhart-Hines Ruth Loos Source Type: research

In vitro models of human hypoblast and mouse primitive endoderm
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2023 Sep 30;83:102115. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102115. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe primitive endoderm (PrE, also named hypoblast), a predominantly extraembryonic epithelium that arises from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mammalian pre-implantation blastocyst, plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, giving rise to the yolk sac, establishing the anterior-posterior axis and contributing to the gut. PrE is specified from the ICM at the same time as the epiblast (Epi) that will form the embryo proper. While in vitro cell lines resembling the pluripotent Epi have been derived from a variet...
Source: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development - October 2, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Marta Perera Joshua M Brickman Source Type: research