Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Update on exhaled breath condensate analyses in occupational disease
Purpose of review The present work represents an update of the review published in this journal by Corradi et al., regarding the use of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to investigate occupational lung diseases. Recent findings The relevant literature was searched in the Medline database, assessed through PubMed using key terms such as ‘breath AND condensate AND occupational’. Eleven pertinent publications were retrieved between January 2018 and October 2019. One article only was related to occupational allergy, and the conclusion is that EBC hydrogen peroxide is not an useful marker in laboratory animal allergy. T...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 28, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE: Edited by Susan M. Tarlo and Piero Maestrelli Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 28, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Pulmonary rehabilitation: promising nonpharmacological approach for treating asthma?
Purpose of review Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation with a history of respiratory symptoms that vary over time and in intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow limitation. The goal of asthma treatment is to reach symptoms control, reduction in future risk and improvement in quality of life (QoL). Guideline-based pharmacologic therapies and the effect of inhaled steroids and bronchodilators have been widely studied over the past decades. We provide an overview of the available evidence on pulmonary rehabilitation as a nonpharmacologic therapy in asthmatic pa...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Systemic and breath biomarkers for asthma: an update
Purpose of review Finding suitable biomarkers to phenotype asthma, identify individuals at risk of worsening and guide treatment is highly prioritized in asthma research. We aimed to provide an analysis of currently used and upcoming biomarkers, focusing on developments published in the past 2 years. Recent findings Type 2 inflammation is the most studied asthma mechanism with the most biomarkers in the pipeline. Blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are those most used clinically. Recent developments include their ability to identify individuals at higher risk of exacerbations, faster decline i...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Biologicals for severe asthma: what we can learn from real-life experiences?
Purpose of review Severe asthma is a serious disease affecting about 5–10% of asthmatic patients. Often patients with this kind of asthma requires periodical courses or daily intake of oral corticosteroids, to control symptoms. In the last few years several biological drugs have been developed with the aim to decrease exacerbations and reduce or suspend intake of systemic steroids in severe asthmatic patients. Clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of biological antibodies in asthma, but it is already known that randomized controlled trials alone are not sufficient to provide complete information on a...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Regulation of allergic inflammation by dendritic cells
Purpose of review Dendritic cells are critical in directing inflammatory versus tolerogenic responses. As the burden of allergic disease rises worldwide, increased understanding of mechanisms underlying these diseases is needed. This review highlights research demonstrating how dendritic cells influence allergic disease development, providing important mechanistic insights into current clinical management strategies as well as potential areas of focus for future development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent findings Recent studies continue to elucidate dendritic cell-associated pathways which can either promote ...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

The role of epigenetics in allergy and asthma development
Purpose of review Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and other allergic disorders, especially through mediating the effects of the environmental factors, well recognized allergy-risk modifiers. The aim of this work was to provide a concise but comprehensive review of the recent progress in the epigenetics of allergic diseases. Recent findings Recent few years have substantially expanded our knowledge on the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of allergies. Specifically, it has been shown that...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Asthma/obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: update on definition, biomarkers, and therapeutics
Purpose of review Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) continues to be a poorly understood condition. This review discusses newly proposed criteria and potential biomarkers in ACO, to aid in diagnosis and research studies, and prudent therapeutic approaches. Recent findings A global expert panel proposed an operational definition consisting of major and minor criteria as a step toward defining ACO. Serum periostin and YKL-40 may serve as biomarkers for ACO. Clinically, a reasonable therapeutic approach to ACO is the early addition of a long-acting β-agonist (LABA) and/or a long-acting muscarinic...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Mechanisms of allergy and adult asthma
Purpose of review Allergic asthma reflects the interplay between inflammatory mediators and immune, airway epithelial, and other cells. This review summarizes key insights in these areas over the past year. Recent findings Key findings over the past year demonstrate that epithelial cells mediate tight junction breakdown to facilitate the development of asthma-like disease in mice. Innate lymph lymphoid cells (ILC), while previously shown to promote allergic airway disease, have now been shown to inhibit the development of severe allergic disease in mice. Fibrinogen cleavage products (previously shown to mediate allerg...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: MECHANISMS OF ALLERGY AND ADULT ASTHMA: Edited by J. Andrew Grant and Enrico Heffler Source Type: research

Current advances on the microbiome and role of probiotics in upper airways disease
We present here the studies on the nasal microbiota in healthy infants, allergic rhinitis, and CRS. The results demonstrate that there are stable and unstable profiles of microbiota during infancy. Decreased diversity or an imbalance of the microbial composition could be an important factor in the development of both allergic rhinitis and CRS. We also discuss here several recent animal and human studies that demonstrate the effect of probiotics in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Results from human studies (clinical trials) have demonstrated that probiotics may be effective for allergic rhinitis, but there are...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: RHINITIS, SINUSITIS AND UPPER AIRWAY DISEASE: Edited by Ruby Pawankar and David P. Skoner Source Type: research

Systemic biomarkers of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Purpose of review The current understanding of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has developed rapidly over the past decades. Classification of CRS based on the inflammatory endotype more accurately reflects the underlying pathophysiology and better directs treatment. Corticosteroids and more recently biologic agents, target the eosinophil inflammatory that drives this subtype of CRS. Tissue sampling is not always accessible or available and surrogate markers are sought to define this endotype of CRS. The purpose of this review is to assess current systemic predictors of eosinophilic CRS (eCRS) diagnosis. Recent...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: RHINITIS, SINUSITIS AND UPPER AIRWAY DISEASE: Edited by Ruby Pawankar and David P. Skoner Source Type: research

Differential expression and role of S100 proteins in chronic rhinosinusitis
Purpose of review Immune system modulators have been under investigation to help elucidate the underlying pathophysiologies of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Psoriasin (S100A7) and calgranulins (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12) are S100 proteins that have been studied for their immune-mediating responses to pathogens within the context of CRS. This review highlights the expression patterns and proposed roles of S100 proteins in CRS with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. Recent findings Elevated levels of S100A7 and S100A12 were measured in the sinonasal tissues of patients with CRSsNP compared with CRSwNP and con...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: RHINITIS, SINUSITIS AND UPPER AIRWAY DISEASE: Edited by Ruby Pawankar and David P. Skoner Source Type: research

Eosinophilic otitis media and comorbid asthma
Purpose of review Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is an intractable otitis media characterized by numerous eosinophils infiltrating the middle ear cavity, which is part of the upper airway. EOM shows a high rate of comorbidity with asthma. They are considered to have a ‘one airway, one disease’ relationship. Here, we summarize our current knowledge regarding the characteristics of EOM, EOM's relationship with asthma and the efficacy of optimal treatments for EOM. Recent findings The greater the severity of asthma, the more pronounced the development of EOM. Asthma control is usually inadequate in asthmatics who de...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: RHINITIS, SINUSITIS AND UPPER AIRWAY DISEASE: Edited by Ruby Pawankar and David P. Skoner Source Type: research

Th2 inflammatory responses in the development of nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis
Purpose of review Pathogenesis of nasal polyp has been largely studied based on innate and adaptive immunity of sinonasal mucosa. So far, various factors have been identified that trigger an inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. In this review, we summarized recently updated information in the understanding of mechanisms in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) focusing on Th2 inflammation. Recent findings Endotype of CRSwNP presented mainly Th2-skewed inflammation, and it has been associated with refractoriness and comorbidities. Staphylococcus aureus can drive Th2 i...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: RHINITIS, SINUSITIS AND UPPER AIRWAY DISEASE: Edited by Ruby Pawankar and David P. Skoner Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - January 3, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research