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Natural history and long-term follow-up of Hymenoptera allergy
Purpose of review Information on the natural history of hypersensitivity reactions is helpful for deciding which patient urgently needs a venom immunotherapy (VIT). Recent findings The frequency of self-reported systemic allergic reactions (SAR) to Hymenoptera stings is approximately 3–7% in the Northern Hemisphere. About 25% of SAR are severe (anaphylactic shock). Fatal sting reactions are very rare. The most important risk factor for severe insect sting anaphylaxis is mast cell disease. Other risk factors are higher age, vespid venom allergy (in contrast to honeybee venom allergy), repeated stings, male sex, and t...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ANAPHYLAXIS AND INSECT ALLERGY: Edited by Gianenrico Senna and Mariana Castells Source Type: research

Hymenoptera allergy and anaphylaxis: are warmer temperatures changing the impact?
Purpose of review Climate change has brought about many changes in our ecosystem. Prolongation of pollen seasons has been reported, related to earlier frost off in the spring and later onset of frost on in the fall. This review considers recent global evidence that stinging insects are redistributing toward the poles, thereby potentially increasing human exposure and risk of sting events. Recent findings With changing climate, particularly climate warming, range expansion of insects is occurring in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Likewise, stinging insects, such as Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, are also exp...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ANAPHYLAXIS AND INSECT ALLERGY: Edited by Gianenrico Senna and Mariana Castells Source Type: research

Hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis and hereditary alpha-tryptasemia
Purpose of review To discuss the association between the common dominantly inherited genetic trait hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) and hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis (HVA). Recent findings Elevated BST has been correlated with more severe systemic anaphylaxis in humans in a number of settings – most notably in HVA. Clonal mast cell disease, in particular, systemic mastocytosis, is frequently associated with elevated BST, and is a major risk factor for severe HVA. However, clonal mast cell diseases are believed to be rare, whereas HVA is relatively more common. HαT affects an estimated 3–5% of Western p...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ANAPHYLAXIS AND INSECT ALLERGY: Edited by Gianenrico Senna and Mariana Castells Source Type: research

Editorial: Reconsidering anaphylaxis at the time of COVID-19 pandemic
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ANAPHYLAXIS AND INSECT ALLERGY: Edited by Gianenrico Senna and Mariana Castells Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 27, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Childhood asthma in the new omics era: challenges and perspectives: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research

Biological agents for severe asthma: the evolution of the at-home self-injection approach
Purpose of review New biological agents, in addition to the well-established omalizumab, have been nowadays introduced into clinical practice for severe asthma. This suggested the possibility of an at-home self-administration, as currently happening for other biological agents for immune-mediated diseases. Recent findings In the very recent years, there were structured clinical trials investigating the self at home administrations of biologicals for severe asthma, showing with different principles, a possible advantage and convenience for the patient, and a socioeconomic saving. Summary The literature analysis curr...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: PHARMACOTHERAPY AND EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE: Edited by Enrico Compalati and Derek Chu Source Type: research

The allergic eye: recommendations about pharmacotherapy and recent therapeutic agents
Purpose of review Ocular allergies affect an estimated 40% of the population, 98% of which are because of allergic conjunctivitis. With the current advent of both repurposed drugs for ocular allergies, as well as novel drugs and methods of administration, there is a need for an updated review of current available medications. A clear characterization of each treatment will ultimately allow treating physicians to restore patients’ quality of life and decrease burden of disease. Recent findings Currently, there are a number of reformulated antihistamines, with cetrizine being the most recent ophthalmic solution availa...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: PHARMACOTHERAPY AND EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE: Edited by Enrico Compalati and Derek Chu Source Type: research

Pharmacotherapy in allergy medicine: from ‘ipse dixit’ to the evidence-based medicine
Purpose of review The aim of the article is to examine the contributions made in recent years by evidence-based medicine to the understanding, positioning, and use of drugs for the treatment of the main allergic conditions. Recent findings Several antiasthmatic drugs have been reappraised for their efficacy characteristics and drug interactions in Cochrane reviews. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines have been reformulated in evidence-based medicine (EBM) terms in 2017; over these years, new point of care instruments contributed to the approximation of the guidelines to real life by drawin...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: PHARMACOTHERAPY AND EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE: Edited by Enrico Compalati and Derek Chu Source Type: research

β-Blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with sublingual immunotherapy: are risks related to individual product safety profile?
The objective of this article is to review the available literature regarding the risks associated with sublingual immunotherapy and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or β-blocker use. It also evaluates for any differences in these risks among the available sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets. Recent findings A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify peer-reviewed articles using the following keywords: anaphylaxis, ACE inhibitor, β-blocker, and sublingual immunotherapy. Minimal data exist regarding their safety of SLIT in patients concomitantly taking ACE inhibitors or β-blockers. The a...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: PHARMACOTHERAPY AND EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE: Edited by Enrico Compalati and Derek Chu Source Type: research

The economics of drug allergy
Purpose of review As drug allergy research aims to inform clinical practice, implementation of best practices may be influenced by financial resources required to incorporate new interventions and the resulting clinical and economic returns on those resource investments. The present review summarizes new insights into the economics of drug allergy over the past year. Recent findings While considering economic implications of recent drug allergy research, many studies have addressed different contextual factors related to the setting, provider, or outcomes. Advances in technology have enabled specialized allergists to ...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: SKIN ALLERGY: Edited by Thomas Werfel and Torsten Zuberbier Source Type: research

The show must go on: an update on clinical experiences and clinical studies on novel pharmaceutical developments for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Purpose of review This review reports on published clinical studies (full publications) with novel therapeutic agents on the treatment of atopic dermatitis with a focus on the last 2 years. Recent findings Atopic dermatitis is a T-cell driven complex inflammatory skin disease. The secretion of cytokines involving not only particularly Th2 but also Th17 and Th22 cell subsets provides a broad spectrum of potential therapeutical targets. A couple of studies on atopic dermatitis with new therapeutical antibodies that target not only the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13, IL- 31 but also additional targets, such as TSLP, IL-22 or ...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: SKIN ALLERGY: Edited by Thomas Werfel and Torsten Zuberbier Source Type: research

Urticaria and the gut
Purpose of review To review recent evidence on the association of urticaria and the gut diseases, focusing on the roles of chronic inflammation with or without Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection. Recent findings The connection between the gut and urticaria has been discussed for a long time. Some publications have shown that H. pylori can induce chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Recently, it was reported that upper gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders can cause CSU and trigger exacerbations independently of H. pylori. Summary Gastritis and especially H. pylori-induced gastritis has been implicated as p...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: SKIN ALLERGY: Edited by Thomas Werfel and Torsten Zuberbier Source Type: research

The clinical impact of cross-reactions between allergens on allergic skin diseases
Purpose of review The route of allergen sensing via the skin appears to influence the immune system towards mounting a type 2 response, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. Allergens recognized this way may derive from microbial, animal, food, or other plant sources and trigger atopic dermatitis. Allergens can be grouped into families depending on their structure and function, harboring significant structural and sequence similarities. Cross-reactivity between allergens is believed to arise as a consequence, and to underlie the development of further atopic diseases. Recent findings Especially for the pl...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: SKIN ALLERGY: Edited by Thomas Werfel and Torsten Zuberbier Source Type: research

The role of IL-17, IL-23 and IL-31, IL-33 in allergic skin diseases
Purpose of review Allergic skin diseases such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis are among the most common skin diseases with severe socioeconomic consequences. The pathogenesis of allergic skin diseases is complex. This review provides an overview of cytocines IL-17, IL-23, IL-31 and IL-33. Recent findings Current research results show a variety of immunological processes in the pathogenesis of the allergic skin diseases, including the role of cytokines. In addition to the Th1 and Th2 immune response, the immune response via Th17 is becoming increasingly important in allergic skin disease...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - June 25, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: SKIN ALLERGY: Edited by Thomas Werfel and Torsten Zuberbier Source Type: research