Safety and Efficacy of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBariatric surgery is the most effective and durable method for treating obesity. This review highlights the results and safety of bariatric surgery.Recent FindingsThe global prevalence of obesity and its related comorbidities including cancer are on the rise. Bariatric surgery has demonstrated more robust and durable weight loss than current medical treatment. Bariatric surgery also reduces significantly the risk of complications associated with obesity comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and the risk of mortality in comparison with medical management. Due to accreditation e...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 5, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Metabolic Factors Determining the Susceptibility to Weight Gain: Current Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere is substantial inter-individual variability in body weight change, which is not fully accounted by differences in daily energy intake and physical activity levels. The metabolic responses to short-term perturbations in energy intake can explain part of this variability by quantifying the degree of metabolic “thriftiness” that confers more susceptibility to weight gain and more resistance to weight loss. It is unclear which metabolic factors and pathways determine this human “thrifty” phenotype. This review will investigate and summarize emerging research in the field of energy metabol...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 3, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Video Games, Obesity, and Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo examine associations between video game play and obesity in children.Recent FindingsBased on a scoping review of 26 studies (25 cross-sectional; 1 longitudinal) published in 2013 –2018, 14 studies (53%) reported no association between video game play and obesity, and 12 studies reported positive associations. In a review of 8 systematic reviews, there was preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of exergame (physically active) play for weight reduction and to attenuate we ight gain but little indication that interventions effectively reduced video game play or general screen time.SummaryThis ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - February 18, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Association Between Weight-Based Teasing from Peers and Family in Childhood and Depressive Symptoms in Childhood and Adulthood: A Systematic Review
AbstractRecent FindingsDepressive symptoms may be a psychological correlate of weight-based teasing from peers and/or family. However, it is unclear whether the association of weight-based teasing with depressive symptoms differs by time (short term vs. long term), sex (males vs. females), or source (family vs. peers).PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to (1) examine whether the frequency of weight-based teasing differs according to sex and source and; (2) examine whether the association of weight-based teasing with depressive symptoms varies according to time, sex, and source.MethodsOn February 16, 2018, a c...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 29, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Sleep Apnea, Obesity, and Disturbed Glucose Homeostasis: Epidemiologic Evidence, Biologic Insights, and Therapeutic Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, and disturbed glucose homeostasis are usually considered distinct clinical condition, although they are tightly related to each other. The aim of our manuscript is to provide an overview of the current evidence on OSA, obesity, and disturbed glucose homeostasis providing epidemiologic evidence, biological insights, and therapeutic strategies.Recent FindingsThe mechanisms hypothesized to be involved in this complex interplay are the following: (1) “direct weight-dependent” mechanisms, according to which fat excess compromises respiratory mechanics, and (2)...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 21, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Relationship Between Feasting Periods and Weight Gain: a Systematic Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWhilst evidence indicates that weight gain occurs over holidays, the contribution of specific festive periods and celebrations to eating behaviour and weight gain is unclear. We aimed to synthesise literature on how festive periods and celebrations contribute to population weight gain and weight-related outcomes.Recent FindingsThirty-nine studies examining (i) body weight changes, (ii) determinants of eating behaviour or (iii) weight-gain prevention interventions during festive periods were systematically reviewed. Of the 23 observational studies examining changes in body weight during festive peri...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 16, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Promoting Health-Enhancing Physical Activity: a State-of-the-art Review of Peer-Delivered Interventions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we critically examined recent evidence pertaining to the efficacy of peer-delivered physical activity interventions.Recent FindingsPeer-delivered interventions appear to represent an efficacious, although under-utilized, means of promoting health-enhancing physical activity, among diverse populations across the lifespan, and in different settings. Nevertheless, research has largely failed to identify the salient behaviors/strategies of peer leaders that can promote behavior change among target populations, as well as explanatory mechanisms (i.e., mediators) of intervention effects.S...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 20, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Factors Influencing Parents ’ and Children’s Misperception of Children’s Weight Status: a Systematic Review of Current Research
This study was conducted in order to provide a descriptive systematic review of research on factors influencing parents’ and children’s misperceptions of children’ s weight status published in the past 5 years.Recent FindingsFactors studied most often in relation to parents ’ and children’s misperception included children’s weight status, gender, and age, as well as parents’ weight status, parental education levels and socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Most determinants that were found to have a significant influence on misperception in parents also did in c hildren.SummaryThe literature on misperception o...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Remotely Delivered Interventions for Obesity Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review synthesizes recent research on remotely delivered interventions for obesity treatment, including summarizing outcomes and challenges to implementing these treatments as well as outlining recommendations for clinical implementation and future research.Recent FindingsThere are a wide range of technologies used for delivering obesity treatment remotely. Generally, these treatments appear to be acceptable and feasible, though weight loss outcomes are mixed. Engagement in these interventions, particularly in the long term, is a significant challenge. Newer technologies are rapidly developing...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Obesity and Eating Disturbance: the Role of TFEQ Restraint and Disinhibition
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLiterature from the past five years exploring roles of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Restraint and Disinhibition in relation to adult obesity and eating disturbance (ED) was reviewed.Recent FindingsRestraint has a mixed impact on weight regulation, diet quality, and vulnerability to ED, where it is related detrimentally to weight regulation, diet, and psychopathology, yet can serve as a protective factor. The impact of Disinhibition is potently related to increased obesity, poorer diet, hedonically driven food choices, and a higher susceptibility to ED.SummaryRestraint and Disinhibition ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Diagnostic Criteria, Therapeutic Options and Perspectives
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes our current understanding of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents. Special emphasis is given towards diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options.Recent FindingsConsistent diagnostic criteria to define MetS in childhood and adolescence are not available to date. There is common agreement that the main features defining MetS include (1) disturbed glucose metabolism, (2) arterial hypertension, (3) dyslipidemia, and (4) abdominal obesity. However, settings of cut-off values are still heterogeneous in the pediatric population. Additional features that may defi...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 4, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Sports Sponsorship as a Cause of Obesity
This article investigates the role of food and beverage sponsorship of sports in influencing dietary behaviour, and ultimately obesity, focusing on research published in the past 5 years. A systematic strategy was used to search the health science, social science and marketing databases to identify peer-reviewed literature on food and non-alcoholic beverage company sponsorship of sport published in English from 2015 to 2019.Recent FindingsSixteen discrete studies were identified: six content analyses, two qualitative studies, four cross-sectional surveys and four experimental studies. Findings indicate sports sponsorship i...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 30, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Global Implementation of Obesity Prevention Policies: a Review of Progress, Politics, and the Path Forward
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review describes policy and regulatory strategies to prevent obesity and summarizes worldwide progress and impediments to scaling up strategies globally.Recent FindingsWhile there is considerable variation in the breadth and depth of uptake of recommended strategies, the adoption of effective obesity prevention policies has been slow and inconsistent. There is broad consensus that strong government, corporate, and consumer actions, including regulatory measures, are needed to advance obesity prevention policies. Governments have lacked sufficient will to take necessary action, the food industr...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 30, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Sarcopenic Obesity: Epidemiologic Evidence, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Perspectives
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review provides a comprehensive update on the definition, assessment, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, and therapeutic approach of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and highlights the challenges, limitations, and knowledge gaps in SO research.Recent FindingsThe confluence of a rapidly aging population with rising obesity rates has led to the phenotype of SO, defined as the concurrent presence of sarcopenia and obesity. Despite efforts, a standardized definition of SO is still lacking. Its prevalence varies widely between studies, depending on population characteristics and different...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 24, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Can Diets Be Healthy, Sustainable, and Equitable?
AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the evidence on global dietary intake and trends in dietary patterns over time and to examine associations between diets and health, environment, and equity.Recent FindingsDiets now serve as a significant risk factor for the global burden of disease and death. Diet-related non-communicable disease and rising obesity are increasingly prevalent, affecting much of the global population. At the same time, the food system is producing food in ways that are not aligned with planetary health. Inequity restricts access to healthy diets and is associated with broad social deter...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 24, 2019 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
