Body Composition Changes in Adolescents Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to characterize the changes in body composition of children and adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery and identify possible negative effects of performing this procedure during pediatric ages.Recent FindingsBariatric surgery in children and adolescents is an emerging strategy to promote higher and faster body weight and fat mass losses. However, possible negative effects usually observed in surgical patients ’ muscle-skeletal system raise a major concern perform this intervention during growth. Despite these possible issues, most experimental ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis: Effects on Childhood Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo consolidate information on the obesogenic and cardiometabolic effects of prenatal exposure to cannabis.Recent FindingsA PubMed search strategy updated from January 1, 2014, through 14 June 2023, produced a total of 47 epidemiologic studies and 12 animal studies. Prenatal exposure to cannabis is consistently associated with small for gestational age and low birth weight. After birth, these offspring gain weight rapidly and have increased adiposity and higher glucose (fat mass percentage) in childhood. More preclinical and prospective studies are needed to deepen our understanding of whether these...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Phentermine in the Modern Era of Obesity Pharmacotherapy: Does It Still Have a Role in Treatment?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review provides an overview of the history, mechanism of action, and expected treatment effects of the anti-obesity medication (AOM), phentermine. It also includes a summary of recent research and practical guidance for prescribing clinicians.Recent FindingsRecent research on phentermine is sparse and consists primarily of observational studies with methodologic limitations. These studies suggest that phentermine use is associated with clinically significant weight loss in adults and that the medication is generally well tolerated. Large-scale observational studies evaluating phentermine ’s ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Physiological Effects of Weight-Cycling: A Review of Current Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere is a common perception among the public that yo-yo dieting, defined as repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain, results in accumulation of fat in the body and lower metabolic rate, thus hindering subsequent attempts to lose weight. We evaluated the effects of weight-cycling on body weight and body mass index (BMI), body composition including fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM), and resting metabolic rate (RMR), by systematically reviewing existing scientific literature.Recent FindingsTwenty-three cross-sectional and cohort studies (including subjects with a history of weig...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Expert Opinion on the Utility of Telemedicine in Obesity Care: Recommendations on a Hybrid Multidisciplinary Integrated Care Follow-Up Algorithm
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe proposed expert opinion was prepared by a panel of obesity and law specialists from Turkey to review the utility of telemedicine in obesity care and to provide a guidance document with recommendations on a hybrid multidisciplinary integrated care follow-up algorithm and the legislation governing telemedicine practice to assist obesity specialists in practicing the telemedicine.Recent FindingsThe efficacy and feasibility of telemedicine interventions in supporting obesity management programs even during pandemics confirm that obesity is a particularly well-suited field for telemedicine, emphasiz...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
A Narrative Review of Public Health Interventions for Childhood Obesity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPublic health interventions that intervene on macrolevel systems hold the promise of reducing childhood obesity at the population level through prevention. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the recent and best scientific evidence related to public health interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity. We provide a narrative review of scientific evidence for six categories of public health interventions and their impact on childhood obesity: federal nutrition assistance programs, programs implemented in early care and education centers, interventions to support healthy nutrit...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Bioavailability of Orally Administered Drugs After Bariatric Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOral drug absorption after bariatric surgery is likely to be altered, but the impact of different bariatric surgery procedures on individual drugs is not uniform. The aim of this article is to describe factors influencing the bioavailability of orally administered drugs after bariatric surgery and to provide readers with practical recommendations for drug dosing. We also discuss the medications that may be harmful after bariatric surgery.Recent FindingsThe fundamental factors for enteral drug absorption are the production of gastric acid; the preserved length of the intestine, i.e., the size of the...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Hypothalamic-Ovarian axis and Adiposity Relationship in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Physiopathology and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Metabolic and Inflammatory Aspects
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of the present review is to address the main adiposity-related alterations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) focusing on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis and to provide an overview of nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies.Recent FindingsFemale reproduction is a complex and delicate interplay between neuroendocrine signals involving the H-P-O axis. Elements that disrupt the balance of these interactions can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as PCOS. This disorder includes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities as well as hyperand...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Weight Loss Diets, Fads, and Trends
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review popular dietary trends and provide recommendations regarding validated dietary approaches for weight loss in the pediatric population.Recent FindingsLike adults, children and adolescents trying to lose weight will succumb to diets promoted by the media. Many of these so-called “fad” diets tout unsupported claims for health but prove very difficult for long-term adherence. Since childhood is a pivotal time for establishing lifestyle habits, we need to provide practical dietary advice supported by scientific research. Studies suggest that emphasizing macronutrient balan ce while limitin...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Role of Racism in Childhood Obesity
This report reviews some mechanisms through which racism may shape childhood obesity.Recent FindingsFrom the youngest ages, disparities in childhood obesity prevalence are already present. Racism may shape intergenerational and prenatal factors that affect obesity and various stressors and environments where children grow up. The relationships between clinicians and patients may also be shaped by everyday racism and legacies of past racism, which may affect obesity prevalence and treatment efficacy.SummaryComprehensive data on the extent to which racism shapes childhood obesity is limited. However, compelling evidence sugg...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Is Endoscopic Surveillance Needed After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy?
(Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 3, 2024 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo examine the epidemiological data on obesity and leukemia; evaluate the effect of obesity on leukemia outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors; assess the potential mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk of leukemia; and provide the effects of obesity management on leukemia. Preventive (diet, physical exercise, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) measures, repurposing drugs, candidate therapeutic agents targeting oncogenic pathways of obesity and insulin resistance in leukemia as well as challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.Recen...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - December 30, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines lifestyle modification for obesity management with the goal of identifying treatment components that could support the use of a new generation of anti-obesity medications (AOMs).Recent FindingsSemaglutide reliably reduces baseline body weight by approximately 15% at 68 weeks, in contrast to 5 –10% for lifestyle modification. Tirzepatide induces mean losses as great as 20.9%. Both medications reduce energy intake by markedly enhancing satiation and decreasing hunger, and they appear to lessen the need for traditional cognitive and behavioral strategies (e.g., monitoring food i...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - December 2, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Incomplete Data and Potential Risks of Drugs in People with Obesity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide examples of knowledge gaps in current pharmaceutical treatments for people with obesity and call for changes to regulatory and pharmaceutical clinical research requirements during the drug discovery and development process.Recent FindingsTreatment of obesity and its comorbidities often require the use of prescription drugs, many of which have not been fully evaluated in people with obesity. Despite a growing body of research on this topic, the impact of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs is often under-studied by drug sponsors and regulators, and subsequently u...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 18, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Pediatric Obesity Care via Telemedicine: Expanding the Path Forward —A Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReview latest data regarding the intersection of pediatric obesity epidemic with telemedicine expansion to meet the need of equitable obesity care in children.Recent FindingsPrevalence of pediatric obesity in the USA continues to worsen particularly in rural, underserved areas. Although there is an increasing number of obesity medicine specialists over the last decade, availability varies by geographic location. Pre-pandemic centers were limited, rarely located in rural areas, and required in-person visits for reimbursement. Telemedicine changes, responding to pandemic needs, provided increase in...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 8, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
