Polycystic ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Pitfalls in Diagnosis and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder during a woman ’s reproductive lifespan, with well-documented diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies in adults; the same is not necessarily true for adolescents. The purpose of this review was to identify frequent pitfalls in PCOS diagnosis and management during adolescence.Recent FindingsAlthough there is no global consensus on the definition, most experts converge to the presence of both oligo/amenorrhea and (clinical and/or biochemical) hyperandrogenism, as a prerequisite for diagnosis in adolescents. The former crite...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 5, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Endoscopic Management of Clinically Severe Obesity: Primary and Secondary Therapeutic Procedures
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn the treatment of epidemic obesity and metabolic disorders, conservative approaches often fail to achieve the treatment goal in patients with very high BMI. To date, bariatric surgery accomplishes the most sustainable results in patients with morbid obesity. This leads to a treatment gap for lower and middle classes of obesity defined by BMI. Primary endoscopic procedures, which are less invasive than surgery, may be able to sufficiently fill this gap. Furthermore, secondary endoscopic procedures have developed into an essential addition regarding complication management of bariatric surgeries. T...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 2, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Postbiotics, and Obesity: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Perspectives
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we summarize current evidence on gut microbiome and obesity; we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in obesity prevention and management; and we highlight and analyze main limitations, challenges, and controversies of their use.Recent FindingsOverall, the majority of animal studies and meta-analyses of human studies examining the use of probiotics and synbiotics in obesity has shown their beneficial effects on weight reduction and other metabolic parameters via their involvement in gut microbiota modulation.Bifidobacterium andLactobacillus strains...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 28, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
From the Knife to the Endoscope —a History of Bariatric Surgery
ConclusionDespite the advances made in bariatric surgery, the criteria determining suitability of patients for bariatric surgery in most parts of the world are still based on a consensus agreed upon in the USA in 1991. There is a need to formulate some new consensus and guidelines that would allow for a significant expansion of the pool of patients that can be offered these procedures. (Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 26, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Optimal Nutritional Programme for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
We present best practices for both the pre- and postoperative nutrition-related phases of a patient ’s journey.SummaryThe dietitian specialist is integral in the assessment and ongoing nutrition care of patients with bariatric surgery. Further consideration should be given to enable access for lifelong follow-up and monitoring. (Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 25, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Treatment Options for Poor Responders to Bariatric Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to evaluate the latest evidence on the treatment options for perceived poor responders to bariatric surgery and provide practitioners with a guide on when to consider revisional surgery and when to consider alternatives.Recent FindingsThe use of adjuvant pharmacotherapy has been increasingly described in the literature as an adjunct to primary bariatric surgery, in order to attain more weight loss or better control of obesity-related complications. The newer anti-obesity and anti-diabetes drugs also have cardiorenal benefits, which are shown in recent cardiovascular outcome trials....
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 23, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Review of the Experience of Weight-Based Stigmatization in Romantic Relationships
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis narrative review summarizes literature on the stigma and prejudices experienced by individuals based on their weight in the context of romantic relationships.Recent FindingsIndividuals presenting with overweight or obesity, particularly women, are disadvantaged in the formation of romantic relationships compared with their normal-weight counterparts. They are also more prone to experience weight-based stigmatization towards their couple (from others), as well as among their couple (from their romantic partner). Currently available studies showed that weight-based stigmatization by a romantic p...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 21, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Community-Based Prevention Programs for Disordered Eating and Obesity: Updates and Current Limitations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the status of community-based disordered eating and obesity prevention programs from 2014 to 2019.Recent FindingsIn the last 5 years, prevention programs have found success in intervening with children and parental figures in wellness centers, physical activity centers, childcare centers, workplaces, online, and over-the-phone through directly reducing disordered eating and obesity or by targeting risk factors of disorder ed eating and obesity. Community-based prevention programs for disordered eating and programs targeting both disordered eating and obesity were scarce, highlighting th...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 21, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
From the Knife to the Endoscope —a History of Bariatric Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCurrent bariatric surgical practice has developed from early procedures, some of which are no longer routinely performed. This review highlights how surgical practice in this area has developed over time.Recent FindingsThis review outlines early procedures including jejuno-colic and jejuno-ileal bypass, initial experience with gastric bypass, vertical banded gastroplasty and biliopancreatic diversion with or without duodenal switch. The role laparoscopy has played in the widespread utilization of surgery for treatment of obesity will be described, as will the development of procedures which form th...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 18, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Deciphering the Association Between Psoriasis and Obesity: Current Evidence and Treatment Considerations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity and psoriasis represent chronic inflammatory states that are interconnected in a vicious cycle, sharing also a degree of synergy. In this review, we aim to decipher the various lines of evidence supporting the bidirectional association between psoriasis and obesity highlighting their pathophysiologic connections as well as we attempt to strategize a therapeutic holistic approach for obese psoriatic patients.Recent FindingsRecent meta-analyses have shown that (1) genetically higher BMI increased the odds of psoriasis occurrence; (2) obesity is associated with higher incidence and prevalence ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 15, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Fight Against Obesity Escalates: New Drugs on the Horizon and Metabolic Implications
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere is currently a steep rise in the global prevalence of obesity. Pharmaceutical therapy is a valuable component of conservative obesity therapy. Herein, medications currently in the phase of preclinical or clinical testing are reviewed, along with an overview of the mechanisms that regulate energy intake and expenditure. In addition, the current and potential future directions of obesity drug therapy are discussed.Recent FindingsAlthough the current arsenal of obesity pharmacotherapy is limited, a considerable number of agents that exert their actions through a variety of pharmacodynamic target...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 8, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Eating Disorders and Overweight/Obesity in Veterans: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Considerations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEating disorders (EDs) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) have a significant impact on veterans. This review highlights current research on EDs and OW/OB in this population.Recent FindingsPrevalence estimates for both EDs and OW/OB among veterans remain consistent with and possibly higher than those in the general population. Both diagnoses share multiple risk factors, including trauma history, and mental health comorbidities. Although weight loss treatments have been fairly well studied among veteran samples, there are no published investigations on psychotherapies for EDs in this population. The Vete...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 1, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Criteria, Epidemiology, Controversies, and Consequences
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo present a comprehensive overview regarding criteria, epidemiology, and controversies that have arisen in the literature about the existence and the natural course of the metabolic healthy phenotype.Recent FindingsThe concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) implies that a subgroup of obese individuals may be free of the cardio-metabolic risk factors that commonly accompany obese subjects with adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance, known as having metabolic syndrome or the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype. Individuals with MHO appear to have a better adipose tissu...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 15, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review brings together current evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies to inform public debate on the impact of physical activity and exercise on food reward.Recent FindingsLow levels of physical activity are associated with higher liking and wanting for high-energy food. Acute bouts of exercise tend to reduce behavioral indices of reward for high-energy food in inactive individuals. A dissociation in liking (increase) and wanting (decrease) may occur during chronic exercise training associated with loss of body fat. Habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical acti...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 14, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Application of an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention at the Population-Level
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review existing frameworks for assessing the evidence of effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions, and discuss the application of a custom-developed evidence framework to inform an obesity prevention priority-setting study in Australia.Recent FindingsThere are a wide range of frameworks for grading evidence. However, most frameworks are not well suited to assess the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions because they do not include processes to synthesise evidence from multiple study designs and outcome measures. The key features of the Obesity Prevention Evidence Assessment ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 6, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
