Obesity Paradox: Fact or Fiction?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity is related to several comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and various types of cancers. While the detrimental effect of obesity in both mortality and morbidity has been well established, the concept of the obesity paradox in specific chronic diseases remains a topic of continuous interest. In the present review, we examine the controversial issues around the obesity paradox in certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the factors that may confound the relation b...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations and Practical Recommendations for Safe and Effective Use
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss current literature and provide practical recommendations for the safe and effective use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or obesity. The molecular mechanisms that justify the potential benefits of GLP-1 RA in IBD and the links between IBD, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are also discussed.Recent FindingsPreliminary data suggest that GLP-1 RA can modulate crucial pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD, such as chronic inflammation circuits, intestinal tight junctions, and gut microbiome ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Obesity in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: Prevalence and Correlates
This article serves as an overview of important considerations for providers treating individuals within SGM populations. (Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Short-Chain Fatty Acids —A Product of the Microbiome and Its Participation in Two-Way Communication on the Microbiome-Host Mammal Line
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe review aims to describe short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as metabolites of bacteria, their complex influence on whole-body metabolism, and alterations in the SCFA profile in obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS).Recent FindingsThe fecal profile of SCFAs in obese patients differs from that of lean patients, as well as their gut microbiota composition. In obese patients, a lower diversity of bacteria is observed, as well as higher concentrations of SCFAs in stool samples. Obesity is now considered a global epidemic and bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity. BS affe...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Fat Kidney
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the role of obesity in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease and the current evidence on nutritional, pharmacological, and surgical strategies for the management of individuals with obesity and chronic kidney disease.Recent FindingsObesity can hurt the kidney via direct pathways, through the production of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and indirectly due to systemic complications of obesity, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In particular, obesity can damage the kidney through alterations in ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Osteoprotegerin/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Axis in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize evidence on the potential involvement of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κΒ) ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κΒ (RANK) axis in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.Recent FindingsThe OPG-RANKL-RANK axis, which has been originally involved in bone remodeling and osteoporosis, is now recognized as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated comorbidities, i.e., type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Besides bone, OPG and RANKL are also produced in adipose tissue and may be i...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - June 1, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Effects of Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on Persons with Sarcopenic Obesity: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials
ConclusionDespite the lack in certainty of evidence, resistance training may be a suitable intervention for persons with SO, in particular for improving muscle function. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to strengthen the evidence. (Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 30, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Obesity and Peripheral Artery Disease: Current Evidence and Controversies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity is a significant public health problem and a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular manifestations. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects 3% –10% of the Western population and, if left untreated, can lead to devastating outcomes with both an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, the association between obesity and PAD remains debatable. Whereas it is well known that PAD and obesity frequently overlap in the same pat ients, many studies have demonstrated a negative association between obesity and...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 27, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Beyond Weight Loss: Added Benefits Could Guide the Choice of Anti-Obesity Medications
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo highlight the added benefits of approved and upcoming, centrally-acting, anti-obesity drugs, focusing not only on the most common metabolic and cardiovascular effects but also on their less explored clinical benefits and drawbacks, in order to provide clinicians with a tool for more comprehensive, pharmacological management of obesity.Recent FindingsObesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide and has become a challenge for healthcare systems and societies. Reduced life expectancy and cardiometabolic complications are some of the consequences of this complex disease. Recent insights into the pa...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 20, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Short-Chain Fatty Acids —A Product of the Microbiome and Its Participation in Two-Way Communication on the Microbiome-Host Mammal Line
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe review aims to describe short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as metabolites of bacteria, their complex influence on whole-body metabolism, and alterations in the SCFA profile in obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS).Recent FindingsThe fecal profile of SCFAs in obese patients differs from that of lean patients, as well as their gut microbiota composition. In obese patients, a lower diversity of bacteria is observed, as well as higher concentrations of SCFAs in stool samples. Obesity is now considered a global epidemic and bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity. BS affe...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 19, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Osteoprotegerin/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Axis in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize evidence on the potential involvement of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κΒ) ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κΒ (RANK) axis in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.Recent FindingsThe OPG-RANKL-RANK axis, which has been originally involved in bone remodeling and osteoporosis, is now recognized as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated comorbidities, i.e., type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Besides bone, OPG and RANKL are also produced in adipose tissue and may be i...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 19, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Obesity in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: Prevalence and Correlates
This article serves as an overview of important considerations for providers treating individuals within SGM populations. (Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - May 4, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations and Practical Recommendations for Safe and Effective Use
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss current literature and provide practical recommendations for the safe and effective use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or obesity. The molecular mechanisms that justify the potential benefits of GLP-1 RA in IBD and the links between IBD, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are also discussed.Recent FindingsPreliminary data suggest that GLP-1 RA can modulate crucial pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD, such as chronic inflammation circuits, intestinal tight junctions, and gut microbiome ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - April 21, 2023 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
