Drugs Affecting Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolic Function —Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic or Preventive Measures: an Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWeight gain and body fat redistribution are common side effects of many widely used drugs. We summarize recent literature on prevalence data and mechanisms associated with drug-induced body fat changes and mechanisms to prevent or treat metabolic side effects.Recent FindingsThe highest prevalence of metabolic complications is seen with antipsychotics and antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV and may, at least partly, be responsible for the increased risk for co-morbid diseases such as diabetes, steatosis of the liver, and cardiovascular disease. The pathogenetic mechanisms leading to we...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - January 5, 2021 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Correction to: Obesity: a Ghost at the Feast of the Sustainable Development Goals
A Correction to this paper has been published:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-020-00417-7 (Source: Current Obesity Reports)
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 23, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Developing Integrated Clinical Pathways for the Management of Clinically Severe Adult Obesity: a Critique of NHS England Policy
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewPathways for obesity prevention and treatment are well documented, yet the prevalence of obesity is rising, and access to treatment (including bariatric surgery) is limited. This review seeks to assess the current integrated clinical pathway for obesity management in England and determine the major challenges.Recent FindingsEvidence for tier 2 (community-based lifestyle intervention) and tier 3 (specialist weight management services) is limited, and how it facilitates care and improve outcomes in tier 4 remains uncertain. Treatment access, rigidity in pathways, uncertain treatment outcomes and ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 12, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Obesity: a Ghost at the Feast of the Sustainable Development Goals
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDespite its rapidly rising global prevalence, obesity is not featured in any of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This review highlights the multiple points at which obesity is affected by the Goals.Recent FindingsAt least 14 out of the 17 thematic SDG targets play a role in driving the obesity epidemic, including health, food, education, water quality, land and ocean quality, urbanisation and employment.SummaryAlthough the SDGs recognise the need to reduce ‘malnutrition in all its forms’, it underplays the role of urbanisation and unregulated markets on dietary health. Furthermore, adh...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 4, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Preventing Excess Gestational Weight Gain and Obesity in Pregnancy: the Potential of Targeting Psychological Mechanisms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOverweight and obesity are now the most common high-risk conditions in pregnancy in the United States and increase risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum. Importantly, excess gestational weight gain is highly predictive of maternal postpartum weight retention and risk of overweight and obesity in mothers and their children later in life. This makes pregnancy a unique window of opportunity in the fight against obesity across the lifespan. This narrative review critically evaluates research on the efficacy of interventions targeting excess gestational weight gain, hig...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - November 4, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Measuring Food Culture: a Tool for Public Health Practice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFood culture is a ubiquitous aspect of all societies. This review provides an overview of methods for measuring food culture, and emphasizes the importance of these measures not just for description, but also for strengthening public health practice, primarily through the development of better interventions; to monitor and evaluate changes in diet and nutrition; and for the development of strategies for sustainability and dissemination.Recent FindingsFood culture measurement has enriched public health practice through its use of myriad approaches, including interviews, cultural domain analysis, vis...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 31, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
The Co-occurrence of Pediatric Obesity and ADHD: an Understanding of Shared Pathophysiology and Implications for Collaborative Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe what is known about the association between obesity and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children along with the co-occurring conditions of sleep dysfunction, loss of control/binge eating disorder (LOC-ED/BED), and anxiety.Recent FindingsObesity and ADHD share common brain pathways (hypothalamic, executive, and reward centers) with pathophysiology in these areas manifesting in partial or complete expression of these diseases. Sleep dysfunction, LOC-ED/BED, and anxiety share similar pathways and are associated with this disease dyad.SummaryThe association of obesity and...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 28, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Family Dynamics and Pediatric Weight Management: Putting the Family into Family-Based Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe treatment of pediatric obesity entails working with entire families. However, aside from parenting and family health behaviors, family dynamics and relationships are not often incorporated in clinical treatment of obesity.Recent FindingsEvidence across several studies suggest a relationship between family dynamics and child weight, with impaired family dynamics associated with higher weight status in children. Evidence is mixed if child age and family function are associated. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that addressing family dynamics (i.e., relationships and overall family system) ...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 27, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Weight Management in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity: Challenges and Possible Solutions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights challenges associated with weight management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our purpose is to propose potential solutions to improve weight outcomes in youth with T1D.Recent FindingsA common barrier to weight management in T1D is reluctance to engage in exercise for fear of hypoglycemia. Healthcare practitioners generally provide limited guidance for insulin dosing and carbohydrate modifications to maintain stable glycemia during exercise. Adherence to dietary guidelines is associated with improved glycemia; however, youth struggle to meet recommendat...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 27, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Pediatric Obesity: Benefits, Risks, and Approaches to Patient Selection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEffective treatments for pediatric obesity are limited. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have emerged as therapeutic agents for obesity in adults and have shown benefits outside of weight loss. Here we explore the evidence for GLP-1R agonist use in pediatric obesity.Recent FindingsEmerging evidence suggests that GLP-1R agonists have a role in pediatric obesity treatment. A recently published, randomized, placebo-controlled trial found a greater reduction in BMIz-score ( − 0.22 SDs) in adolescents receiving liraglutide compared with placebo. As in adults, gastrointestinal adver...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 21, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Childhood Obesity in the Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChildhood obesity is increasing substantially in many Pacific island countries and poses an urgent and serious challenge. The Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations and the NCD Roadmap created at the request of the Pacific Finance and Economic Ministers identify prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases as core priorities. Among the various risk factors responsible for the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), overweight and obesity are particularly of concern with the potential to negate many of the health benefits that have contributed to increased life expecta...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 20, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Weight Stigma in Youth: Prevalence, Consequences, and Considerations for Clinical Practice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes recent evidence on weight stigma experienced by youth with overweight or obesity. We examine the prevalence and sources of weight-based victimization targeting youth, consequences of these stigmatizing experiences for their psychological and physical health, and considerations for addressing weight stigma in clinical practice and pediatric care.Recent FindingsWeight stigma is highly prevalent among youth with high body weight, who are targets of weight-based victimization from peers, parents, and teachers. These experiences place youth at risk for psychological distress (prim...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 20, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Projecting the Influence of Global Warming on Physical Activity Patterns: a Systematic Review
This study systematically identified and synthesized empirical data-driven modeling studies that projected the future influence of global warming on people ’s physical activity patterns.Recent FindingsA total of ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Global warming, in general, was predicted to be associated with a net increase in active commuting and leisure-time physical activity. However, the specific relationship between climate change and future physical activity patterns was expected to vary by the periods of prediction, geographical locations, population subgroups, and seasons. M...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 17, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Food Insecurity and Pediatric Obesity: a Double Whammy in the Era of COVID-19
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines the current evidence about the ways in which food insecurity relates to obesity in children and adolescents, examining diet and diet-related behaviors, and taking into consideration the role of stress.Recent FindingsWhile living with food insecurity impacts stress and diet-related behaviors in children and adolescents, it is not clear whether food insecurity is associated with obesity above and beyond the influence of poverty. However, strategies to mitigate food insecurity and obesity are inherently connected, and recent examples from clinical practice (e.g., screening for foo...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 16, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
Cognition, Brain Structure, and Brain Function in Individuals with Obesity and Related Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity is one of the most serious public health concerns. Excess adipose tissue, particularly with a centralized distribution, is associated with cognitive decline. Indeed, obesity has been associated with a number of adverse changes in brain function and structure that can be detected by neuroimaging techniques. These obesity-associated changes in the brain are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Recent FindingsWhile the pathways by which excess adipose tissue affects brain function are not fully understood, available evidence points towards insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular dysfun...
Source: Current Obesity Reports - October 16, 2020 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Source Type: research
