Correlates of Blood Pressure Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults 50 Years or Older by HIV Status in Northwestern Tanzania
The objective of this study was to describe the increasing incidence and risk of cardiovascular disease among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Sub-Saharan Africa. We also used data to compare hypertension (a common NCD among PLWH) outcomes between PLWH and HIV –uninfected individuals among older adults in Northwestern Tanzania.Recent FindingsHypertension is increasingly common in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease for PLWH. Among those with hypertension, PLWH have a 50% higher risk of incident myocardial infarction compared to the general population. In response to the rising incidence of t...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
An Update on Refractory Hypertension
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo update on definition, diagnosis, prevalence, patient characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment of refractory hypertension (RfHTN).Recent FindingsRefractory hypertension (RfHTN) is defined as blood pressure (BP) that is uncontrolled despite using ≥ 5 antihypertensive medications of different classes, including a long-acting thiazide diuretic and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) at maximal or maximally tolerated doses. This new phenotype is different from resistant hypertension (RHTN), defined as BP that is uncontrolled de spite using ≥ 3 medications, commonly a lon...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
A Critical Role for the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Regulation of the Volume Reflex in Normal and Various Cardiovascular Disease States
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review focuses on studies implicating forebrain neural pathways and neuromodulator systems, particularly, the nitric oxide system within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in regulating neurohumoral drive, autonomic pathways, and fluid balance.Recent FindingsAccumulating evidence from animals with experimental models of hypertension and heart failure as well as humans with hypertension suggests that alterations in central neural pathways, particularly, within the PVN neuromodulated by neuronal nitric oxide, are involved in regulating sympathetic outflow particularly to the kidney ...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Correlates of Blood Pressure Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults 50 Years or Older by HIV Status in Northwestern Tanzania
The objective of this study was to describe the increasing incidence and risk of cardiovascular disease among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Sub-Saharan Africa. We also used data to compare hypertension (a common NCD among PLWH) outcomes between PLWH and HIV –uninfected individuals among older adults in Northwestern Tanzania.Recent FindingsHypertension is increasingly common in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease for PLWH. Among those with hypertension, PLWH have a 50% higher risk of incident myocardial infarction compared to the general population. In response to the rising incidence of t...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
An Update on Refractory Hypertension
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo update on definition, diagnosis, prevalence, patient characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment of refractory hypertension (RfHTN).Recent FindingsRefractory hypertension (RfHTN) is defined as blood pressure (BP) that is uncontrolled despite using ≥ 5 antihypertensive medications of different classes, including a long-acting thiazide diuretic and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) at maximal or maximally tolerated doses. This new phenotype is different from resistant hypertension (RHTN), defined as BP that is uncontrolled de spite using ≥ 3 medications, commonly a lon...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
A Critical Role for the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Regulation of the Volume Reflex in Normal and Various Cardiovascular Disease States
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review focuses on studies implicating forebrain neural pathways and neuromodulator systems, particularly, the nitric oxide system within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in regulating neurohumoral drive, autonomic pathways, and fluid balance.Recent FindingsAccumulating evidence from animals with experimental models of hypertension and heart failure as well as humans with hypertension suggests that alterations in central neural pathways, particularly, within the PVN neuromodulated by neuronal nitric oxide, are involved in regulating sympathetic outflow particularly to the kidney ...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - April 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Heart Failure Risk
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the data on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and heart failure (HF) risk.Recent FindingsHypertensive disorders are the most common medical condition affecting women during pregnancy and are associated with future HF risk, including peripartum cardiomyopathy, pregnancy-associated HF with preserved ejection fraction, and new-onset HF later in life. HF related to HDP can occur during pregnancy and persist long term, as can be the case with peri-partum cardiomyopathy, or can develop years after delivery through mechanisms that have yet to be clearly defined. Unfortunately, the optima...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 28, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Systemic Hypertension in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNeonatal hypertension is increasingly recognized as improvements in neonatal intensive care have led to increased survival of premature infants. Among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the rates of hypertension are much higher than the general neonatal population. However, the etiology and pathophysiology of this increased risk of hypertension in neonates with lung disease remain unclear.Recent FindingsAmong infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the rates of hypertension are much higher than the general neonatal population. New studies suggest outcomes in neonates with BPD with hype...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 10, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Sex Differences in the Prevalence, Outcomes and Management of Hypertension
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review recent data on sex differences in the prevalence, outcomes and management of hypertension.Recent FindingsAlthough hypertension is overall more common in males, females experience a much sharper incline in blood pressure from the third decade of life and consequently the prevalence of hypertension accelerates comparatively with age. Mechanisms responsible for these blood pressure trajectories may include the sustained vascular influence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, interactions between the renin –angiotensin–aldosterone system and sex hormones or even psychosocial gendered f...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 7, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPreeclampsia complicates 5 –10% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The placenta plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcome by supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and by synthesizing hormones. Placental function is highly dependent on energy suppl ied by mitochondria. It is well-known that preeclampsia is originated from placental dysfunction, although the etiology of it remains elusive.Recent FindingsDuring the last three decades, substantial evidence suggests that mitochondrial abnormality is a major contributor to pl...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 7, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Racial Disparities in Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes in Preeclampsia
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewRacial disparities are prevalent in many aspects of obstetric care in the USA. Non-Hispanic black women have a higher prevalence of the diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in addition to associated morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to review current data regarding racial disparities in the diagnosis and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Recent FindingsDiagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is more common among non-Hispanic black women even after adjustment for comorbidities. Furthermore, prevalence of severe morbidity among those with ...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 7, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Sex Differences in the Prevalence, Outcomes and Management of Hypertension
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review recent data on sex differences in the prevalence, outcomes and management of hypertension.Recent FindingsAlthough hypertension is overall more common in males, females experience a much sharper incline in blood pressure from the third decade of life and consequently the prevalence of hypertension accelerates comparatively with age. Mechanisms responsible for these blood pressure trajectories may include the sustained vascular influence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, interactions between the renin –angiotensin–aldosterone system and sex hormones or even psychosocial gendered f...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 7, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
