Physiological Mechanisms of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in End-Stage Kidney Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this article, we summarize recent advances in understanding hypertension and cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease.Recent FindingsFactors such as anemia, valvular and vascular calcification, vasoconstrictors, uremic toxins, hypoglycemia, carbamylated proteins, oxidative stress, and inflammation have all been associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease in end-stage kidney disease but the causality of these mechanisms has not been proven.SummaryThe high risk of cardiovascular mortality has
not improved as in the general population despite many advancemen...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 16, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Preeclampsia and COVID-19: the Role of Inflammasome Activation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIt is well established that controlled immune activation and balance is critical for women ’s reproductive health and successful pregnancy outcomes. Research in recent decades in both clinical and animal studies has demonstrated that aberrant immune activation and inflammation play a role in the development and progression of women’s reproductive health and pregnancy-related disorders . Inflammasomes are multi-protein cytoplasmic complexes that mediate immune activation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of inflammasome activation in pregnancy-related disorders.Recent F...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Migrating Populations and Health: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize results of recent studies of migrants in Europe and North America and ongoing efforts to adapt strategies to provide them with inclusive sensitive health care.Recent FindingsMajor predisposing factors for developing hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome in migrating populations and refugees were identified. Susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome is predominantly due to environmental factors and psychological stress. Acculturation also contributes to the emergence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in first-generation adult immigrants. Increased risk for later d...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
The Effects of Pain and Analgesic Medications on Blood Pressure
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the blood pressure (BP) effects of pain and analgesic medications and to help interpret BP changes in people suffering from acute or chronic pain.Recent FindingsAcute pain evokes a stress response which prompts a transient BP increase. Chronic pain is associated with impaired regulation of cardiovascular and analgesia systems, which may predispose to persistent BP elevation. Also analgesics may have BP effects, which vary according to the drug class considered. Data on paracetamol are controversial, while multiple studies indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may increase BP...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Preeclampsia and COVID-19: the Role of Inflammasome Activation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIt is well established that controlled immune activation and balance is critical for women ’s reproductive health and successful pregnancy outcomes. Research in recent decades in both clinical and animal studies has demonstrated that aberrant immune activation and inflammation play a role in the development and progression of women’s reproductive health and pregnancy-related disorders . Inflammasomes are multi-protein cytoplasmic complexes that mediate immune activation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of inflammasome activation in pregnancy-related disorders.Recent F...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Migrating Populations and Health: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize results of recent studies of migrants in Europe and North America and ongoing efforts to adapt strategies to provide them with inclusive sensitive health care.Recent FindingsMajor predisposing factors for developing hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome in migrating populations and refugees were identified. Susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome is predominantly due to environmental factors and psychological stress. Acculturation also contributes to the emergence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in first-generation adult immigrants. Increased risk for later d...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
The Effects of Pain and Analgesic Medications on Blood Pressure
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the blood pressure (BP) effects of pain and analgesic medications and to help interpret BP changes in people suffering from acute or chronic pain.Recent FindingsAcute pain evokes a stress response which prompts a transient BP increase. Chronic pain is associated with impaired regulation of cardiovascular and analgesia systems, which may predispose to persistent BP elevation. Also analgesics may have BP effects, which vary according to the drug class considered. Data on paracetamol are controversial, while multiple studies indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may increase BP...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Impact of Time in Motion on Blood Pressure Regulation Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review assessed recent evidence on the association between objectively measured physical activity from wearable accelerometers and blood pressure (BP) in participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Recent FindingsResults directly related to BP were mixed, with some studies showing positive associations and others showing null results. Importantly, several studies noted that participants with MetS demonstrated greater improvements in components of MetS after engaging in higher amounts of daily physical activity. Although this suggests greater volume of physical activity may be a means to partia...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 13, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Clarifying the Cause and Treatment of Paroxysmal Hypertension (Pseudopheochromocytoma)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the clinical characteristics of paroxysmal hypertension (pseudopheochromocytoma), its previously unsuspected cause, and effective treatment approaches.Recent FindingsPatients with paroxysmal hypertension experience recurrent, sudden, unprovoked, symptomatic, and severe elevations of blood pressure that occur independently of current stress or perceived emotional distress. Recent findings point to a previously unsuspected psychosomatic etiology, linked in most to a past history of abuse, trauma, or prolonged severe stress, often with repression of pertinent emotions, or to a repressive cop...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - June 6, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
ED BP Management for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review most recent literature on management of blood pressure in acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and provide practice recommendations for the emergency clinician.Recent FindingsThere is increased risk of aneurysmal rebleeding with systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than 160 mmHg in the acute setting. Avoiding large degrees of blood pressure variability improves clinical outcomes in aneurysmal SAH.SummaryAcute lowering of SBP to a range of 140 –160 mmHg decreases risk of rebleeding while also maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) after aneurysmal rupture. Treatment ...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - May 24, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Blood Pressure Assessment and Treatment in the Observation Unit
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the management of hypertension. Given the paucity of literature regarding the role of the observation unit in the management of hypertension, we will provide our recommendations based on our experience working in an observation unit.Recent FindingsMany patients have limited access to primary care, and hypertension diagnosis often relies on office-based measurements. We will describe situations where that is not necessary to make the diagnosis. We will discuss the current non-pharmacologic treatment guidelines, the education of which should be provided t...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - May 20, 2022 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
