Evidence-Based Review of Clinical Applications and Outcomes of Automated Epidermal Grafting
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCommercialization of an automated epidermal harvesting device (CelluTome ™, Kinetic Concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX) in the last 6 years has led to numerous publications describing a growing number of clinical applications. The current article reviews this literature while summarizing outcomes.Recent FindingsA total of 20 published reports including 284 automated graft recipients have been published. Complete reepithelialization occurs in 50 –92% of recipient sites, often within 4–18 weeks of graft placement. Donor sites heal without scarring within 1–2 weeks.SummaryCurrent evidence sugge...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 11, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Inpatient Management of Mucocutaneous GVHD
This article provides current clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations relevant to the hospitalist for both acute and chronic mucocutaneous GVHD. Optimal inpatient management of these diseases requires an interdisciplinary team. (Source: Current Dermatology Reports)
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 10, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Update on Tildrakizumab for Psoriasis
This article will review recent publications on tildrakizumab to evaluate its pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety.Recent FindingsTildrakizumab maintains efficacy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis for up to 3 years with low risk of adverse events.SummaryIL-23p19 inhibition with tildrakizumab is a useful therapy for treating moderate-to-severe psoriasis. It is superior to placebo and etanercept in clinical trials as measured by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Physician Global Assessment (PGA), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores. Clinical improvements are maintained for up to 3 years. It has a ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPhotoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to a photoactivated allergen applied to the skin. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive information about the mechanism of photoallergic contact dermatitis and to make an outline of its etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment methods.Recent FindingsPACD lesions are generally localized in areas which are exposed to light. However, reactions may spread to covered areas of the body. Most prevalent photoallergens are present in sunscreens and NSAIDs. The diagnosis of PACD is based on patient ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Review of Outcome Measures in Trials and Practice for Psoriasis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review was to determine the most frequently utilized outcome measures in clinical trials and to review the scoring criteria, advantages, disadvantages, and application in research and clinical settings, as well as provide an overview of the published guidelines on the use of outcome measures in clinical practice.Recent FindingsThe most frequently utilized physician-reported outcome measurement instruments in clinical trials from 2018 to 2019 were Physician Global Assessment (PGA), Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), and body surface area. The most frequently utilized patient-r...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 4, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Paraneoplastic Syndromes for the Inpatient Dermatologist
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere are a variety of distinct clinical presentations of skin diseases associated with an internal malignancy. Herein, we review some of the cutaneous manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes and dermatoses that may be evaluated in the inpatient setting. Descriptions of clinical findings, associated systemic signs and symptoms, and diagnostic work-up are presented.Recent FindingsParaneoplastic syndromes are very rare. Isolated case reports with subsequent pooled literature reviews make up the majority of recent published literature.SummaryThe association between certain skin conditions and malig...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - October 15, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
A Review of Botanicals Exhibiting Antifungal Activity Against Malassezia spp. Implicated in Common Skin Conditions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe integration of botanicals in commercial cosmeceuticals, personal care products, and home remedies has fostered a need for a better understanding of the potential efficacies of these interventions. This review identified plants with antifungal activity againstMalassezia, a commensal yeast implicated in inflammatory skin conditions. We sought to discover plants with potent activity comparable or superior to current antifungal agents.Recent FindingsMalassezia plays a unique role in the pathology of skin disease, encoding for extracellular lipases that initiate an inflammatory response on the surfa...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - October 10, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Inpatient Management of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases: an Update, Review, and Practical Guide
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReview the evaluation, management, and treatment of hospitalized autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) patients based on the current literature and expert opinion.Recent FindingsThe cost and prevalence of hospitalization for AIBD patients are increasing in the USA. Many factors associated with hospitalization of AIBD patients are related to patient access to dermatology care. Infections are a major cause for hospital admission among AIBD patients. The use of rituximab, especially early in the disease course, has transformed the outcomes among patients with pemphigus.SummaryAfter reading this review...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - September 10, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Screening and Managing Melanoma: Who Is (Should Be) Doing It?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe detection and management of melanoma is moving toward a more interdisciplinary approach. This review provides a specialty-based framework to characterize the roles of dermatologists and non-dermatologist healthcare professionals in detecting and managing cutaneous melanoma and data on outcomes of management by specialty and training.Recent FindingsDermatologists manage thinner, earlier stage melanoma compared with surgical specialties and have higher survival rates than non-dermatologists. While teledermatology, primary care physicians, and advance practice practitioners offer potential solutio...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - August 29, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Non-invasive Imaging for Skin Cancers —the European Experience
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this work is to review the role of advanced non-invasive imaging, such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), in malignant melanomas and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) using data coming from the most recent literature, with a particular highlight on the results of the European experience.Recent FindingsExamination with RCM and OCT increases the accuracy of diagnosis. The most recent diagnostic clues for melanoma and NMSCs are revised. In addition, the application of these techniques in presurgical margin definition and in monitoring the effica...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - August 22, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Updates on Treatment Approaches for Cutaneous Field Cancerization
AbstractPurpose of ReviewField cancerization describes the phenomenon that multiple heterogenous mutations may arise in an area exposed to chronic carcinogenic stimuli. Advances in the understanding of cutaneous field cancerization have led to novel therapeutic approaches to the management of actinic keratoses (AKs). Herein, we review the literature on the pathophysiology and emerging research of field cancerization in dermatology.Recent FindingsThe classification systems for grading AK lesions are being refined with investigations focusing on their clinical utility. There is a growing shift toward field-directed treatment...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - July 18, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence in Skin Cancer
AbstractPurposeTo review recent developments in artificial intelligence for skin cancer diagnosis.Recent FindingsMajor breakthroughs in recent years are likely related to advancements in utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for dermatologic image analysis, especially dermoscopy. Recent studies have shown that CNN-based approaches perform as well as or even better than human raters in diagnosing close-up and dermoscopic images of skin lesions in a simulated static environment. Several limitations for the development of AI include the need for large data pipelines and ground truth diagnoses, lack of metadata, ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - July 5, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Clinic-Based Surgical Treatment for Hidradenitis Suppurativa
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe provide an evidence-based review of current procedures and provide a practical guide to surgically treating hidradenitis suppurativa in the office setting.Recent FindingsOutpatient procedural management of hidradenitis suppurativa may include incision and drainage, intralesional triamcinolone, deroofing, excision, and lasers that achieve follicular destruction. Managing recurrent lesions, scarring, and sinus tracts often requires deroofing or excision. Recurrence rates are likely similar between deroofing and excision by sharp or laser techniques, and high patient satisfaction is consistently re...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - June 30, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence in Teledermatology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes current and prospective applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and smartphone technologies to automated diagnosis and teledermatology.Recent FindingsHealthcare institutions are rapidly scaling up telehealth programs and embracing long-distance consultation. New developments in deep learning, a type of artificial intelligence, have reached dermatologist-level performance in diagnosing cases of melanoma from lesion images. The smartphone industry projects that next-generation devices and widespread adoption will put deep learning-capable hardware in the hands of consumers...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - June 12, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Chronic Actinic Dermatitis: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo update readers on the current understandings of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) in regard to epidemiology, clinical findings, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis.Recent FindingsCAD is classically thought to be primarily a disease of elderly Caucasian males, though recent evidence suggests that in skin of color, the disease manifests more often in younger females. Recent studies suggest the pathogenesis of CAD involves a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction, similar to allergic contact dermatitis. There is also evidence of resistance to UV-induced immunosuppression in these patients, similar ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - June 7, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
