Light-Based Devices for Wound Healing
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of light-based treatments that have shown effectiveness in enhancing various aspects of wound healing, examine the drawbacks that have impeded the translation of some light-based therapies into clinical use, and highlight scenarios where these treatments may confer benefits over current standards in wound care.Recent FindingsSeveral categories of light-based treatments, in particular laser debridement, fractional photothermolysis, and photodynamic therapy, have seen exciting recent clinical results that may justify expanding the use of these mo...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - August 21, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Photocarcinogenesis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSkin cancers account for more than 40% of all cancers in the USA and continue to rise in incidence. It is prudent to understand the current burden and pathogenesis of photocarcinogenesis and preventive measures.Recent FindingsInsights into recently discovered mechanisms have paved way for potential targets for prevention and therapeutics. Nicotinamide has shown promising results as an oral chemopreventive agent. UVB affects the DHODH pathway of pyrimidine synthesis via STAT 3. DHODH inhibition by leflunomide may be a potential targeted chemoprevention strategy. A photolyase containing sunscreen, wh...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - July 12, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Systemic Photoprotection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSystemic photoprotection is an attractive concept; however, its use has been limited by a lack of robust evidence. We performed a review to evaluate the evidence for systemic photoprotection and skin cancer prevention in humans by vitamins C, D and E, carotenoids, nicotinamide, retinoids, polyphenols,Polypodium leucotomos extract, NSAIDs and afamelanotide.Recent FindingsIn a randomized controlled trial, compared with placebo, a 13% reduction in actinic keratoses and a 23% reduction in keratinocyte carcinoma were found with continued nicotinamide use over 12 months, although the result should be i...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - June 26, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Current Economic Evidence for Teledermoscopy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewStore-and-forward teledermoscopy involves capturing dermoscopic images and sending them with relevant clinical information for review by a dermatologist. Teledermoscopy increases access to timely dermatology surveillance and diagnosis, which is important given the low ratio of dermatologists to the general population in many countries. Here we summarise the current economic evidence available for teledermoscopy, focusing on three stakeholders: the health system, consumers, and practitioners.Recent FindingsCompared with in-person consultations store-and-forward teledermoscopy has been found to have ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - April 6, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
The Skin Microbiome in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOngoing investigations of the human skin microbiome strongly suggest a connection to skin diseases and skin health. This review provides an overview of recent literature on the skin microbiome in relation to skin diseases, with a specific focus on common inflammatory skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, and rosacea.Recent FindingsIn healthy subjects, the skin microbiome mediates fundamental processes involving the immune response and epidermal development and differentiation. Microbiome characteristics in inflammatory skin diseases differ depending ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 16, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Photosensitivity in Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPhotosensitivity is a common symptom in the autoimmune diseases lupus erythematosus (LE) and dermatomyositis (DM). This review provides a framework for dermatologists, rheumatologists, and general practitioners to aid in recognizing and understanding photosensitivity reactions within the scope of these conditions.Recent FindingsPhotosensitivity reactions encompass not only cutaneous symptoms but also include systemic manifestations. Prevalence of photosensitivity is high in both LE and DM and tends to vary based on race and geographical location. Pathophysiology implicates the various effects of ul...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 15, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Phenotypes of Canine Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCanine atopic dermatitis is a model of human atopic dermatitis. This review provides an outline and discussion of clinical and other phenotypes of atopic dermatitis in dogs to better understand this disease in both dogs and humans.Recent FindingsAlthough phenotypes of canine atopic dermatitis can vary widely, there is little research in dogs that has identified reliable phenotypic markers to be able to predict disease progression or response to therapy.SummaryCurrently, canine atopic dermatitis patients need individually tailored therapy without the practitioner understanding why a certain treatmen...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 13, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
JAK Inhibitors for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
This article reviews the utility and clinical significance of JAK inhibitors for the treatment of psoriatic disease —both psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis—as demonstrated in clinical trials.Recent FindingsTofacitinib, the most widely studied of the JAK inhibitors in psoriatic disease, has demonstrated significant efficacy for the treatment of both psoriatic arthritis and plaque psoriasis. However, while it received approval from the US Food and Drug Association for the former indication, it was denied for the latter. This has not deterred the development of newer JAK inhibitors which hope to provide a balance o...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 9, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Teledermatology in Medical and Continuing Education
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTeledermatology improves access to dermatologic care and has the potential to lower health care costs. Although teledermatology use is increasing in practice, a minority of dermatology programs incorporate teledermatology into resident training. This review summarizes the current state of teledermatology education for both dermatologists and non-dermatologists.Recent FindingsLess than half of dermatology residency programs include teledermatology in their curriculum. Teledermatology offers educational opportunities for dermatology and non-dermatology trainees and practitioners through both remote a...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 8, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
“Teledermatopathology: A Review”
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we will cover definitions of relevant terms, present need, technologic requirements, regulation, validation, and current and emerging applications of teledermatopathology.Recent FindingsNumerous studies have found no significant diagnostic discordance between teledermatopathology and glass microscopy in evaluation of melanocytic, non-melanocytic, and inflammatory diagnoses. Teledermatopathology has led to a significant difference in patient management in low-resource settings. Furthermore, studies using static images acquired using smartphones and microscope adapters have high diagn...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 8, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Recognition and Management of Angioinvasive Fungal Infections
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of angioinvasive fungal infections.Recent FindingsCandida auris is a recently discovered species with multi- to pan-drug resistance to azoles, amphotericin B, and echinocandins. The SECURE trial showed that isavuconazole was non-inferior to voriconazole for treatment ofAspergillus. Additionally, the VITAL study showed that there was no difference in mortality between those treated with either isavuconazole or amphotericin B. Isavuconazole is now approved by the FDA for the treatment ofAspergillus andMucor.SummaryInvasive fungal infections ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 6, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
New Developments in Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Cutaneous Infections
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights clinically relevant updates to common and significant bacterial, viral, and fungal cutaneous infection within the past 5 years. Recent developments are presented so that the clinician may provide evidence-based, high-quality patient care.Recent FindingsNew resistance patterns in cutaneous pathogens have recently emerged as a result of inappropriate antimicrobial use. Several new FDA-approved antimicrobials have been approved to treat such infections, including multi-drug resistant pathogens. Several organizational guidelines for cutaneous infection management have been upda...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 4, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Teledermatology for Skin Cancer: The Australian Experience
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to understand how Australia compares internationally in the practice of teledermatology for the diagnosis and management of skin cancer, and in the process, ascertain the robustness of the evidence for teledermatology, as well as identify its limitations and current difficulties for its adoption in Australia.Recent FindingsDiagnostic and treatment concordance, time to detection and action, as well as expected cost in Australia were comparable with international studies. Earlier detection of skin cancer and convenience such as reduced travel are main reasons supportive of teledermat...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 2, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Certolizumab Pegol for Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the use of certolizumab pegol (Cimzia ®, UCB S.A.) for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and summarize important findings.Recent FindingsThree pivotal phase three clinical trials CIMPASI-1, CIMPASI-2, and CIMPACT have demonstrated efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in patients with plaque psoriasis. In addition, another multicenter phase three clinical trial, RAPID-PsA, has shown long-term efficacy and safety data of CZP in psoriatic arthritis.SummaryWhen compared with other TNF-alpha blockers, CZP has demonstrated increased effi...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - March 2, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Pediatric Teledermatology: a Review
This article reviews teledermatology terminology and summarizes the recent literature supporting pediatric teledermatology ’s diagnostic accuracy, efficacy, usability and cost-effectiveness.Recent FindingsDiagnoses rendered using pediatric teledermatology share high concordance rates with in-person diagnoses. While most dermatologists prefer store and forward compared to real-time interactive teledermatology, a hybrid model may be advantageous for complex cases. Physician-to-physician teledermatology is ideal for pediatric inpatient and outpatient consultations, while direct-to-patient teledermatology may be more efficie...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - February 28, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
