Molluscum Contagiosum: Review and Update on Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Risk, Prevention, and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is a self-limited cutaneous viral infection that most commonly affects children and immunocompromised populations. This review provides an update on the clinical manifestations, risk, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this frequently encountered infection.Recent FindingsA recent Cochrane review concluded that there is insufficient evidence to establish the superiority of any specific treatment modality or to confirm that active intervention is superior to benign neglect (van der Wouden JC et al., Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD004767, 2017). Interim pilot study data...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - February 19, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Wound Management in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewStevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe mucocutaneous drug reactions associated with a potentially high mortality rate. They are characterized by epidermal necrosis and extensive detachment. For these reasons, wound care is a fundamental component of patient management. However, there is a lack of evidence-based data, and treatment approaches can vary drastically between institutions. Our aim was to analyze the available studies on this topic as an attempt to review various management strategies.Recent FindingsConsidering the rarity, variable presentations, and difficulty...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 29, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
What Can We Learn from Canine Atopic Dermatitis History?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewUnderstanding the origin and shaping the current knowledge of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) with an emphasis on its similarities and differences with its human counterpart, human atopic dermatitis (hAD), has been the purpose of this study.Recent FindingFundamental research on the ethiopathogenesis and recent specific therapeutic findings have gradually reclassified cAD from a single disease to a multifactorial syndrome.SummaryFrom first being referred to as “red mange” or “canine eczema” in a dog reacting to ragweed pollen, cAD has then been considered to be the canine counterpart of hAD. ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 27, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Bimekizumab
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBimekizumab, a novel monoclonal antibody directed against both interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, is in clinical development as a treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the roles of IL-17A and IL-17F in psoriatic inflammation as well as the clinical data on bimekizumab that has been reported to date.Recent FindingsPhase 2 efficacy results with bimekizumab have demonstrated high levels of rapid skin clearance in psoriasis patients, and high levels of joint disease improvement in psoriatic arthritis patients. Thus far, safety concerns have been limit...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 20, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Risk, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cellulitis and Erysipelas
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarises the most recent evidence which will inform therapeutic guidance and discusses areas of uncertainty which might benefit from further investigation.Recent FindingsThere are variable definitions of cellulitis and erysipelas, and of recovery and cure, which make it difficult to combine results from studies. The etiology of cellulitis is more clearly associated with beta-hemolytic streptococci. The diagnosis can be more accurately made using scoring systems and measurements of skin surface temperature. Antibiotic therapy should be oral in most cases and need not be prolonged despi...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 19, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Phototherapy: a Review and Update of Treatment Options in Dermatology
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper is intended to review common uses of phototherapy in the treatment of dermatologic disease and to highlight recent updates in the field.Recent FindingsPhototherapy is effective in the treatment of several dermatologic conditions and offers a safe alternative to systemic treatments. Overall, limited studies on the use of phototherapy have been conducted. However, recent studies have demonstrated superior efficacy of various phototherapy options in comparison with other systemic or topical treatments for diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, mycosis fu...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 19, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Photoaging: a Review of Current Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPhotoaging, also known as extrinsic aging, consists of premature skin changes secondary to damage caused by chronic sun exposure. This review highlights epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, and pathological features of photoaging.Recent FindingsUV radiation is the central driver of photoaging. However, there is growing evidence that other environmental factors —including ambient air pollution and visible/infrared light—also play a key role. Furthermore, newer research suggests that skin phototype, ethnicity, and sex can all differentially mediate the process of photoaging.SummaryUV radiation i...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 19, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Sunscreen Safety: a Review of Recent Studies on Humans and the Environment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an up-to-date synopsis of the literature on the safety of sunscreen active ingredients in humans and the environment and highlight regulatory changes in the USA.Recent FindingsCurrently, as per the US Food and Drug Administration, the only ultraviolet filters generally recognized as safe and effective are inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). In vivo human systemic absorption studies found that common organic filters attain sufficient plasma concentrations to require carcinogenicity and reproductive studies. In vivo human skin penetration studies showed ZnO nanoparticle...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 16, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Update on Sleep and Pulmonary Comorbidities in Psoriasis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of sleep and pulmonary comorbidities in patients with psoriasis and summarize important recent findings.Recent FindingsEvidence continues to show that patients with psoriasis experience greater chronic sleep impairment when compared to healthy counterparts. In addition to other comorbidities seen in psoriasis patients, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have increased frequency in this population.SummarySleep and pulmonary comorbidities in psoriasis co...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - January 16, 2020 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Management of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: a Review and Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights current concepts in the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).Recent FindingsA new scoring system, the ABCD-10, was recently developed to better estimate mortality among SJS/TEN patients. Supportive care remains the mainstay of treatment, and includes wound care, fluid and electrolyte management, management of medical co-morbidities, and infection control. The value of adjuvant therapy remains unclear, but new recent retrospective studies suggest that the combination therapies may be efficacious. Recent prospective studies investigating c...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - December 5, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
An Approach to Retiform Purpura for the Inpatient Dermatologist
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRetiform purpura is a potentially ominous cutaneous sign that develops secondary to vascular compromise by either vasculitis or a vasculopathic disorder. The wide array of associated complications mandate a thorough investigation in a timely fashion. This review provides an overview of the frequent causes of retiform purpura in hospitalized adult patients and proposes a diagnostic approach for the inpatient dermatologist.Recent FindingsEarly recognition of the primary cutaneous morphology in retiform purpura is especially important as this can help generate a focused differential and workup plan. A...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - December 2, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
New Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTreatment of equine insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) needs to be improved. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT), the only curative treatment of allergy, currently has only a limited efficacy for treatment of IBH. This review highlights the latest findings in prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.Recent FindingsProphylactic vaccination against IBH using recombinantCulicoides allergen has been developed in unexposed Icelandic horses and is ready to be tested. Therapeutic virus-like particle (VLP) –based vaccines targeting equine interleukin- (IL-) 5 or IL-31 improved clinical signs of IBH by ...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 25, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in Canine Atopic Dermatitis: an Update
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to evaluate new insights into allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and review the mechanism, different protocols used, and response rate of this treatment option for canine atopic dermatitis.Recent FindingsAIT is the only etiological treatment available for canine atopic dermatitis. Selection of allergens is based on clinical history in conjunction with positive reactions on intradermal and serum testing. During decades AIT was applied subcutaneously (SCIT) using aqueous or aluminum-precipitated solution of allergens, but in the last few years, new routes like sublingual (SLIT), intralymph...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 20, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Lymphedema: New Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review ’s aim is to coalesce current evidence regarding the lymphatic system and lymphedema, bridge the gap from traditional approaches to emerging concepts, and present simple strategies that can be immediately implemented into everyday clinical practice.Recent FindingsNew evidence of the microcirculation redefines all edema as lymphedema and having the potential to result in chronic inflammation and deleterious soft tissue changes. These soft tissue changes are easily identifiable through simple manual tests that also help direct interventions. CDT is the gold standard of treatment, but co...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 17, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
Wound Care in the Developing World - Gaps, Opportunities, and Realities
AbstractPurpose of NarrativeTo enlighten the audience and suggest potential gaps and areas of future interest for further exploration and discussion related to wound care in developing regions of the world.Recent FindingsBeyond limited case reports and a relative handful of typical epidemiological studies and clinical trials, there exist little significant information on the topic of wound care in the developing markets which significantly departs from that which has been published on the topic about the developed markets. As such, there was a need for a corresponding narrative to add context and depth to existing and futu...
Source: Current Dermatology Reports - November 11, 2019 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research
