Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Neuroimaging as a Tool for Individualized Treatment Choice in Depression: the Past, the Present and the Future
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review the findings on neuroimaging as a tool for facilitating individualized treatment choice in depression.Recent FindingsNeuroimaging has allowed the exploration of neural candidates for response biomarkers. In less than two decades, the field has expanded from small single drug studies to large multisite initiatives testing multiple interventions; from simple analytical methods to employing artificial intelligence, with an aim of establishing models based on a variety of data, such as neuroimaging, biological, psychological and clinical measures.SummaryNeural biomarkers of re...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - February 3, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Treatment of Bipolar Depression: Current Status and Future Perspectives
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review current available treatment options and to consider future directions in the treatment of bipolar depression.Recent FindingsThere are a limited number of established treatments that have demonstrated varied efficacy in acute bipolar depression including modern antipsychotics (quetiapine, lurasidone, olanzapine ± fluoxetine and recently cariprazine) and mood stabilisers (lamotrigine and valproate). Lithium has a role in protecting against depressive relapses and suicide. Alternative and experimental treatments including pramipexole, modafinil/armodafinil, omega-3 fatty aci...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - January 14, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Gut Microbiome and Sex Bias in Autism Spectrum Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) express as impaired social interactions and stereotypes. The gut microbiome which is remarkably different in ASD compared with controls may contribute to the sex bias of this disorder, with females being less vulnerable to clinically present autism. This review aims to understand the role of gut microbiota and female sex hormone in the sex bias of autism.Recent FindingsRecent evidence proved that transplanted gut microbiota from autistic donors but not healthy controls into germ-free mice were effective in inducing autistic features. Moreover selective probiotic know...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - January 12, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Common Pathways in Depression and Obesity: The Role of Gut Microbiome and Diets
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review data regarding two determinants of comorbidity between depression and obesity, i.e., the role of disturbed gut microbiome in their genesis and of diets in their treatment.Recent FindingsObesity and major depressive disorders (MDD) are highly comorbid, the “metabolic” (obese) subtype of MDD affects about one third of all individuals with MDD. There is an urgent need for better therapies strategies, which may include specific dietary measures. A diet low in carbohydrates (low-carb), effective in obesity, may be beneficial also in MDD. However, the underlying mechanisms h...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - January 6, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Infusing Hope Into the Treatment of Suicidality: a Review of Ketamine ’s Effects on Suicidality
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGiven recent increases in rates of suicide and lack of rapid treatments for suicidality, ketamine has been identified as a potential fast-acting anti-suicidal treatment. Our review seeks to describe the effects of ketamine on suicidality, given the growing literature on the use of ketamine in reducing suicidality. We examine open-label studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating the treatment of suicidality with ketamine. Furthermore, our manuscript identifies potential mechanisms of ketamine ’s effects on suicidality.Recent FindingsBased on existing RCTs, ketamine appears to have rapid a...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - December 1, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Phenomenology of Voice-Hearing in Psychosis Spectrum Disorders: a Review of Neural Mechanisms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a common experience for people diagnosed with psychosis spectrum disorders, often leading to distress and disability. The purpose here is to describe four common phenomenological features of AVH (negativity of content, memory, inner speech/self-monitoring, and spatial location), and review their associated neural mechanisms.Recent FindingsDiverse phenomenological qualities of AVH have been found to be related to differing brain regions. Negative content of AVH is associated with the right Broca ’s area and increased amygdala activation, whereas the hippoca...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sharing a Diagnosis of Narcissistic Personality: a Challenging Decision with Associated Risks and Benefits
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to examine diagnostic sharing of narcissistic personality from multiple vantage points and to describe strategies that might help clinicians in patient management.Recent FindingsIn recent years, clinicians increasingly have been motivated to discuss with patients the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD), an intervention bolstered by the emergence of empirically validated treatments for BPD and by advocacy organizations calling for diagnostic sharing. Despite these advances, clinical experience suggests that the diagnosis of narcissistic personality, including narcissis...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
How Spirituality May Mitigate Against Stress and Related Mental Disorders: a Review and Preliminary Neurobiological Evidence
This article aims to review recent research on the relationship between spirituality and stress and how spirituality may protect against stress-related mental disorders. Preliminary data on neural mechanisms by which spirituality may influence stress processing are also presented.Recent FindingsRecent neuroscientific research on stress implicates widespread corticostriatal-limbic neural circuitry that includes the salience and the default-mode networks. Acute and chronic stress represents a significant etiological factor for a range of mental disorders, and research suggests that specific brain mechanisms of acute stress i...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurocognitive Processes Implicated in Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Applying an RDoC Framework for Conceptualizing Risk
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIdentifying risk factors for STBs during adolescence is essential for suicide prevention. In this review, we employ the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to synthesize studies on key neurocognitive processes —cognitive control, reward responsiveness/valuation, and negative urgency—relevant to adolescent STBs.Recent FindingsWithin subdomains of cognitive control, studies of inhibition/suppression and updating/maintenance were mixed, while response selection (i.e., decision-making) deficits were consistently associated with suicide attempts. Fewer studies, by comparison, have probed the P...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 5, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sequencing the Human Brain at Single-Cell Resolution
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes some of the most recent studies on single-cell resolution sequencing of the post-mortem human brain and the application of these techniques for the study of psychiatric and neurological disorders.Recent FindingsOver the last several years, researchers have optimized single-cell transcriptome and genome sequencing in post-mortem human brain tissue. This has given us unprecedented access to cell-type specific gene expression profiles and somatic mutations unique to pathological states. Additionally, we can now measure epigenetic information from individual brain cells and with ...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Subjective Cognitive Decline and Biomarkers of Preclinical Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHere, we have provided an overview of previous biomarker studies to support the importance of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in early identification of at-risk subjects and differentiation between normal and pathological aging, including Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). We have identified several major areas that would require future research to address current gaps in knowledge and increase the value of SCD in preclinical AD.Recent FindingsSCD in clinically normal individuals has received increasing attention by clinicians and AD researchers. SCD is etiologically heterogeneous. Biomarker studies h...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 20, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Cognitive Neuropsychology of Depression in Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAdolescent depression is a major public health concern associated with severe outcomes. A lack of efficacious interventions has triggered an increase in cognitive neuropsychology research to identify relevant treatment targets for new interventions. This review summarises key neurocognitive findings in adolescent depression and explores the potential of neurocognitive markers as treatment targets in new interventions.Recent FindingsStudies support difficulties in the voluntary deployment of attention towards and away from emotional stimuli, negative interpretation biases and overgeneralised autobio...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
An Overview of the Neurobiology of Impulsivity in Gambling and Gaming Disorder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGambling disorder (GD) and gaming disorder (IGD), the two currently recognized behavioural addictions are characterized by high levels of impulsivity. Increasing research focuses on neurocognitive impulsive features in GD and IGD as these disorders can provide a “drug-free” model to study shared neural mechanisms across addictive disorders. This review provides an overview of neurobiological findings across three impulsive components of behaviour: response inhibition, delay discounting, and reward processing.Recent FindingsResponse inhibition is characterized by decreased fronto-striatal recrui...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurocognition and Suicide Risk in Adults
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNeurocognitive deficits (impaired mental abilities corresponding to brain dysfunction) are transdiagnostic features of psychiatric illness, which account for the vast majority of suicide deaths. Here, we provide a selective empirical overview of neurocognitive factors and associated pathophysiology implicated in adult suicide. The present report draws primarily from the neuropsychology literature to complement and update prior reviews and meta-analyses.Recent FindingsSuicidality is linked to impairment across neurocognitive domains, particularlyinhibition anddecision-making components of executive ...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 5, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Framework for Identifying Neurobiologically Based Intervention Targets for NSSI
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common problem in adolescents. Recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of NSSI can serve to guide the conceptualization and development of new treatments to address adolescent NSSI. The purpose of this review is to integrate the extant findings from neurobiological NSSI research, with the goal of identifying potential treatment targets.Recent FindingsNSSI is associated with disruption across several neurobiological systems, including negative and positive valence, cognitive control, and social processes. These findings provide some groundwork for formi...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - August 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
