Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Can Understanding Reward Help Illuminate Anhedonia?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to examine how reward processing might help us understand the symptom of anhedonia.Recent FindingsThere are extensive reviews exploring the relationship between responses to rewarding stimuli and depression. These often include a discussion on anhedonia and how this might be underpinned in particular by dysfunctional reward processing. However, there is no specific consensus on whether studies to date have adequately examined the various sub-components of reward processing or how these might relate in turn to various aspects of anhedonia symptoms.SummaryThe approach to und...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - August 27, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Biological Responses to Acute Stress and Suicide: a Review and Opportunities for Methodological Innovation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWhile rates of other medical illnesses have declined over the past several decades, rates of suicide have increased, particularly among adolescents. Prior research on biological underpinnings of suicide risk has remained limited. In this review, we describe a recent model conceptualizing suicide as a failure of biological responses to acute stress. According to this model, youth who fail to mount an adaptive stress response following exposure to a stressor are at acute risk for suicide.Recent FindingsAlthough much more research is needed, early evidence suggests that abnormal biological responses t...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - August 20, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders in the Emergency Department: Conceptualizing and Managing “Malingered” or “Exaggerated” Symptoms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPatients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often suspected of malingering or exaggerating symptoms, though there is no clear evidence that they do so more than other patients. We review the manifestations, etiology, and management of seemingly feigned symptoms in these disorders, particularly related to their presentation in the emergency department (ED).Recent FindingsIt is dangerous to assume that all patients with ASPD and BPD are intentionally feigning symptoms in the ED. However, when ASPD patients are known to be malingering, the focus s...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - August 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Linking Late Life Depression and Alzheimer ’s Disease: Mechanisms and Resilience
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes recent literature linking Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and late life depression (LLD). It describes shared neurobiological features associated with both conditions, as well as factors that may increase resilience to onset and severity of cognitive decline and AD. Finally, we pose a number of future research directions toward improving detection, management, and treatment of both conditions.Recent FindingsEpidemiological studies have consistently shown a significant relationship between LLD and AD, with support for depression as a prodromal feature of AD, a risk factor for AD, ...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - July 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Gradient Theories of Brain Activation: a Novel Application to Studying the Parental Brain
AbstractPurpose of ReviewParental brain research primarily employs general linear model –based (GLM-based) analyses to assess blood oxygenation level–dependent responses to infant auditory and visual cues, reporting common responses in shared cortical and subcortical structures. However, this approach does not reveal intermixed neural substrates related to different sensory modalit ies. We consider this notion in studying the parental brain.Recent FindingsSpatial independent component analysis (sICA) has been used to separate mixed source signals from overlapping functional networks. We explore relative differences bet...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - July 4, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Novel Pharmacologic Strategies for Treating Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDeveloping pharmacological treatments to manage neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer ’s disease is of high importance due to its significant association with poorer outcomes, caregiver burden, and severity of disease. Due to limited effective and safe treatment options, we reviewed emerging research in novel pharmacological agents for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent FindingsWithin the past 5 years, 29 novel pharmacological agents to treat the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease have been investigated or are currently in clinical trial...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - July 1, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer ’s Disease and Progress in Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMitochondria are essential for facilitating energy homeostasis under ever-changing environmental conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to either play a primary role in the development of multiple human diseases and/or significantly contribute to disease progression. Here, we review recent findings on mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and strategies for the development of mitochondria-targeted therapies.Recent FindingsMultiple mechanisms essential for proper mitochondrial functioning including biogenesis and turnover, fission/fusion, trafficking, and bioener...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - June 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review attempts to link cognitive training with neuroplasticity in schizophrenia evaluating the research evidences.Recent FindingsSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that often follows a chronic course and affects multiple domains of functioning. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are one of the commonest causes of the functional impairments. Alterations in neuroplasticity in schizophrenia may be directly linked to the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The cognitive deficits in schizophrenia can be improved with specific cognitive remediation techniques. Over the past few decades, mu...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - May 26, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Examining Neural Reactivity to Gambling Cues in the Age of Online Betting
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to provide new insights as to how and why functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on gambling cue reactivity can contribute to significant progress toward the understanding of gambling disorder. After having offered a detailed description of experimental paradigms and a comprehensive summary of findings related to gambling cue reactivity, the present review suggests methodological avenues for future research.Recent FindingsThe fMRI literature on problem gambling has identified the main neural pathways associated with reactivity to gambling cues. Yet, the cur...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - May 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Galantamine-Memantine Combination as an Antioxidant Treatment for Schizophrenia
The objective of this article is to highlight the potential role of the galantamine-memantine combination as a novel antioxidant treatment for schizophrenia.Recent FindingsIn addition to the well-known mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, these medications also have antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an interplay exists between oxidative stress, inflammation (redox-inflammatory hypothesis), and kynurenine pathway metabolites. Also, there is an interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Oxidative stress may be associated with positive, cognitive, and negative s...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - May 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNegative symptoms are highly predictive of whether individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) develop a psychotic disorder. However, little is known about pathophysiological mechanisms underlying negative symptoms during this period. The current study examined neurophysiological mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in CHR individuals using electroencephalography frontal alpha asymmetry power, a biomarker of approach and avoidance motivation.Recent FindingsPeople with schizophrenia display abnormal patterns of frontal alpha asymmetry indicative of reduced approach motivation. However, it is unknown ...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - May 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Remote Monitoring for Understanding Mechanisms and Prediction in Psychiatry
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTechnological advances offer the potential to better characterise the symptoms and mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. This review provides an overview of how remote monitoring might inform understanding of mood and anxiety disorders, and may be used by clinicians to predict clinical outcomes and treatment response. The review also discusses salient ethical issues and the field ’s future directions.Recent FindingsA range of psychological and physiological remotely-collected data have been associated with clinical symptoms and outcomes, including momentary self-report, actigraphy, geolocation and...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - May 1, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Frustrative Non-reward and Lab-Based Paradigms for Advancing the Study of Aggression in Persons with Psychosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPrior research and assessment of aggression in schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions has focused on one or two levels of measurement (third-party observation and self-report) identified by the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), while frequently neglecting a third (laboratory behavioral paradigms). We review aggression in psychosis using the RDoC conceptualization of frustrative non-reward; describe how lab-based behavioral paradigms, particularly, the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP), can help to better understand aggression in individuals with psychosis; and suggest direction...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - May 1, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Remediation of Visual Processing Impairments in Schizophrenia: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
AbstractPurpose of ReviewVisual perceptual deficits are well-established in schizophrenia and are related to poorer outcomes and functioning. Improvement in perceptual functioning with training has been reliably demonstrated in healthy populations, yet relatively few studies have examined approaches to targeting visual processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review summarizes recent literature investigating visual remediation in schizophrenia, identifies current limitations, and suggests directions for further research.Recent FindingsExisting studies provide support for the remediation of visual processing impairment...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - April 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Good Clinical Science Needs Rigorous Methodology, Enhanced Reproducibility, and Also Proper Citations
(Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - April 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
