Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Current Understanding of the Neurobiology of Opioid Use Disorder: an Overview
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review provides an overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder (OUD) drawing from genetic, functional, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research.Recent FindingsPreliminary evidence suggests an association between OUD and specific variants of the DRD2, δ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRD1), and μ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) genes. Additionally, MRI research indicates functional and structural alterations in striatal and corticolimbic brain regions and pathways underlying reward, emotion/stress, and cognitive control processes among individuals with OUD.Summary...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - January 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Concept of Food Addiction: a Review of the Current Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWith the literature on food addiction expanding rapidly, we aim to provide an overview of what is known about this topic, including its assessment, prevalence, and associated behavioral, clinical, and neurobiological characteristics.Recent FindingsThe literature presents compelling evidence for the validity of the concept of food addiction, revealing numerous substantive parallels between compulsive overeating and substance use disorders. Research published since the introduction of a formal measure of food addiction has examined neurobiological characteristics associated with food addiction, provi...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cannabis Use: Neurobiological, Behavioral, and Sex/Gender Considerations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize the current literature on the effects of cannabinoids in humans and to discuss the existing literature on the sex- and gender-related differences in the effects of cannabinoids.Recent FindingsCannabis and its constituent cannabinoids are associated with risk of addiction, cognitive deficits, and mood/psychotic disorders. Preclinical and emerging clinical data suggest greater sensitivity to the effects of cannabinoids in women.SummaryCannabis is one of the most commonly used drugs with increasing rates of use. Women in particular may be at a greater risk of adverse outcomes given the pr...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Do Obese Bacteria Make us “Want them”? Intestinal Microbiota, Mesocorticolimbic Circuit and Non-Homeostatic Feeding
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHighly palatable foods (HPF) have rewarding effects, and their consumption induces gut dysbiosis. Because intestinal microbes communicate bidirectionally with the brain, we reviewed the literature in order to link the effects of HPF on the brain reward system and on gut microbiota. Additionally, we propose these alterations contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity.Recent FindingsNon-homeostatic consumption of HPF programs the brain to seek these foods from early-life. Fatty food induces gut dysbiosis, which might alter communications to the brain. Additionally, prebiotic fibre and short-chain f...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 3, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurobiological Considerations for Tobacco Use Disorder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNeurobiological studies of tobacco/nicotine use examining genetic, molecular, functional, and behavioral correlates have improved our understanding of tobacco/nicotine dependence and have informed treatment. Recent work extending previously established findings and reporting novel methodologies and discoveries in preclinical and human studies are reviewed.Recent FindingsRecent work in preclinical models has focused on the differential roles of nicotinic receptor subtypes and nicotine ’s effects on neural systems beyond cortico-striatal dopaminergic pathways, and utilizing advanced methodologies s...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Review of Neurobiological Influences on Externalizing and Internalizing Pathways to Alcohol Use Disorder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTwo developmental courses through which alcohol use disorder (AUD) may emerge include externalizing and internalizing pathways. We review recent neuroimaging studies of potential neural risk factors for AUD and link findings to potential behavioral risk factors for AUD.Recent FindingsThere is evidence that early emerging weakness in prefrontal functioning and later-emerging differences in reward system functioning contribute to an externalizing risk pathway. Stress may be an important contributor in the internalizing pathway through a blunting of reward-related activation, which may act alone or in...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 29, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Behavioral Neuroscience of Buying-Shopping Disorder: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper provides a narrative review of recent neurocognitive, pharmacological, and genetic findings in buying-shopping disorder (BSD).Recent FindingsPreliminary evidence from experimental neuropsychological studies indicates BSD is associated with reward-seeking, cue-induced craving towards buying/shopping stimuli and disadvantageous decision making under ambiguous risk conditions that may be attributable to disrupted emotional feedback. BSD is not linked to deficits in general executive functioning. Psychopharmacological studies with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or opioid antagonists...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Current Understanding of the Behavioral Neuroscience of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn the recently released eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) was for the first time included and classified as an impulse control disorder. The present report aims at summarizing the empirical results concerning the neurobiological underpinnings of CSBD, including problematic pornography use. Insight into mechanistic factors underlying CSBD may promote the development of more effective therapeutic interventions for people affected.Recent FindingsRecent neurobiological studies have revealed that compulsive sexual behav...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
New Insights on Neurocognition in Cocaine Use Disorder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to provide an update of neurocognition in cocaine use disorder (CUD), focusing on new developments and areas of growth. It starts with a discussion of novel findings on the neurobiological underpinnings of CUD, including cognitive-genetic research and advanced functional neuroimaging tools and models. This is followed by an overview of progress in the area of CUD-related cognitive deficits, with a special focus on social cognition and meta-cognition. Finally, the review covers recent developments on the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and treatment outcomes and new tri...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Highlighting Internet-Communication Disorder as Further Internet-Use Disorder When Considering Neuroimaging Studies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBesides gaming disorder, which has recently been included in the ICD-11, several other types of Internet-use behaviors were shown to have addictive potential causing impairments in daily life. Research on Internet-communication disorder (ICD) focuses on the pathological use of Internet-communication applications. However, its clinical relevance as well as similarities to other addictive behaviors have to be clarified.Recent FindingsRecent neuropsychological studies try to identify relevant neural mechanisms underlying ICD. Summarizing the results of brain imaging studies indicate the relevance of b...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Cause and Effect
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a pervasive and debilitating mental illness, associated with significant emotional, social, and functional deficits. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of MDD and may negatively interact with other clinical features of the illness (e.g., psychosocial dysfunction, illness onset). We review recent advances in our understanding of cognitive dysfunction in MDD and highlight the putative causes and effects of cognitive deficits in depressed patients.Recent FindingsRecent findings in this domain point to a multifaceted pathology of co...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 4, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Functioning in Late-life Depression: A Critical Review of Sociodemographic, Neurobiological, and Treatment Correlates
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBoth clinical and subthreshold depression in older adults are associated with cognitive dysfunction. This review summarizes the latest literature on patterns of cognitive functioning in late-life depression (LLD), including moderators of the relationship between depression and cognitive functioning and underlying neurobiological mechanisms.Recent FindingsLLD is associated with cognitive dysfunction across multiple domains, particularly processing speed and executive functions. This relationship is moderated by demographic and clinical variables such as sex, race, age of onset, and severity of diffe...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Non-Pharmacological Cognitive Remediation Strategies for Treatment of Depression and Cognitive Impairment
AbstractObjectiveMajor depression in the elderly often presents with cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive deficits in memory, processing speed, and cognitive control functioning are particularly common in late-life depression. For the almost 40% of elderly depressed patients with cognitive impairment, there is currently no efficacious intervention that adequately treats both mood and the cognitive deficits leaving many patients depressed and disabled [AJGP 9(3):269 –74, 2001].Recent FindingsRecent advances in non-pharmacologic treatments for depression and cognitive impairment show promise for treating both cognitive and...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
