Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Population Modelling in Affective Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe prevalence of affective disorders is on the rise. This upward trajectory leads to a substantial personal and societal cost. There is growing body of literature demonstrating decision-making impairments associated with affective disorders, and more studies are using computational modelling methods to infer underlying mechanisms of these impairments from participant choice behaviour. However, lack of population modelling suggests that data resources may still be underutilised.Recent FindingsA number of recent studies associated major depression with abnormal risky decision-making as well as impai...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - April 15, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Computing the Uncontrollable: Insights from Computational Modelling of Learning and Choice in Depression
AbstractPurposeThe learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, developed in experimental animals, has had great influence on the development of models of mood and anxiety disorders. However, the insights from this paradigm have not always translated straightforwardly into human experimental work. In particular, instrumental contingency learning experiments yielded the contradictory finding of more accurate contingency knowledge in depressed individuals ( “depressive realism”: DR).Recent FindingsA growing literature involving the application of computational modelling applied to human learning studies suggest that possible sequ...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - April 10, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Role of Impulsivity in Major Depression: A Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of the current review was to examine recent (within the past 5 years) evidence of impulsivity, broadly defined to include both (a) self-report and (b) behavioral measures including measures of decision-making, inhibition, and inattention, as a feature of Major Depressive Disorder in terms of (a) differences between MDD groups compared to controls and (b) associations between impulsivity and self-reported depressive symptomatology.Recent FindingsOf the 3304 studies screened, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Findings support higher levels of impulsivity in individuals with MDD compared to cont...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - April 8, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Closed-Loop Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: Towards Personalized Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Psychiatric Illnesses
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review introduces closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which has the potential to become an effective and safe treatment modality for psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression.Recent FindingsThe weak electric fields delivered to the brain by transcranial current stimulation interact in a synergistic manner with endogenous rhythmic brain activity patterns. As a result, the effect of stimulation on neuronal network dynamics is state dependent. Therefore, closed-loop paradigms that measure brain activity and apply targeted stimulation based on these me...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - March 4, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Predicting Response to Brain Stimulation in Depression: a Roadmap for Biomarker Discovery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewClinical response to brain stimulation treatments for depression is highly variable. A major challenge for the field is predicting an individual patient ’s likelihood of response. This review synthesises recent developments in neural predictors of response to targeted brain stimulation in depression. It then proposes a framework to evaluate the clinical potential of putative ‘biomarkers’.Recent FindingsLargely, developments in identifying putative predictors emerge from two approaches: data-driven, including machine learning algorithms applied to resting state or structural neuroimaging data,...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - February 15, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Importance of Common Currency Tasks in Translational Psychiatry
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCommon currency tasks are tasks that investigate the same phenomenon in different species. In this review, we discuss how to ensure the translational validity of common currency tasks, summarise their benefits, present recent research in this area and offer future directions and recommendations.Recent FindingsWe discuss the strengths and limitations of three specific examples where common currency tasks have added to our understanding of psychiatric constructs —affective bias, reversal learning and goal-based decision making.SummaryOverall, common currency tasks offer the potential to improve dru...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - February 12, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Trust Beliefs, Biases, and Behaviors in Borderline Personality Disorder: Empirical Findings and Relevance to Epistemic Trust
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes empirical research on trust in BPD, including three primary areas: the prevalence of paranoia, trustworthiness appraisals, and trust-related behaviors in economic exchange paradigms. Connections to the largely theoretical study of epistemic trust in BPD are highlighted.Recent FindingsIn trust appraisal paradigms, people with BPD have a bias to rate others as untrustworthy. In behavioral exchange games, they report lower trust in partners and are more likely to rupture cooperation. Recent research has suggested potential explanations for these findings, including differences i...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - December 9, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Brain Networks Supporting Social Cognition in Dementia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines the literature during the past 5 years (2015–2020) as it describes the contribution of three key intrinsically connected networks (ICN) to the social cognition changes that occur in various dementia syndromes.Recent FindingsThe salience network (SN) is selectively vulnerable in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and underpins changes in socioemotional sensitivity, attention, and engagement, with specific symptoms resulting from altered connectivity with the insula, amygdala, and medial pulvinar of the thalamus. Personalized hedonic evaluations of social and...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Examining Memory in the Context of Emotion and Motivation
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewIn this review, I summarize the limited literature that includes manipulations of both emotion and motivation within the same experiment to examine their interactive and distinct effects on episodic memory. I position this work within the context of theories according to which emotion and motivation are inseparable, as well as other theories that view these constructs as dissociable.Recent FindingsMemory studies that manipulate emotion and motivation within the same trial provide support for theories that view them as separate constructs. Although separate constructs, studies that compare emoti...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - November 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Implications of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Laws for Neuroscience Research: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReview of US medical and recreational marijuana laws (MML and RML), their effects on cannabis potency, prevalence of non-medical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in adolescents and adults, and implications for neuroscience research, given what is known about the relationship of cannabis to neurocognitive impairments and underlying brain functioning.Recent FindingsCannabis potency may be increasing faster in states with MML or RML than in other states. MML and RML have not impacted prevalence in adolescents but have consistently been shown to increase rates of adult non-medical use and C...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 20, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
New Developments in Cholinergic Imaging in Alzheimer and Lewy Body Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review novel trends in cholinergic neuroimaging in Alzheimer and Lewy body parkinsonian disorders.Recent FindingsThe spectrum of cholinergic imaging is expanding with the availability of spatially more precise radioligands that allow assessment of previously less recognized subcortical and cortical structures with more dense cholinergic innervation. In addition, advances in MRI techniques now allow quantitative structural or functional assessment of both the cholinergic forebrain and the pedunculopontine nucleus, which may serve as non-invasive prognostic predictors. Multimodal i...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 9, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Trauma History and Mental Health of North Korean Defectors
This study aimed to review the mental health status of North Korean defectors (NKDs) and related factors. Interventions to promote their mental health and issues to be dealt with are also reviewed.Recent FindingsNKDs are often exposed to multiple severely traumatic events, both in North Korea and surrounding their defection. Furthermore, they face sociocultural barriers in adapting to a new society. Past exposure to traumatic events, longer defection periods, forced repatriation, psychological factors, and acculturative stress such as perceived discrimination, low income, family violence, and health complaints contribute t...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - October 5, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Interoceptive Processing in Borderline Personality Pathology: a Review on Neurophysiological Mechanisms
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review summarizes empirical evidence on alterations in four distinct interoceptive facets, namely, objective physiological states, interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensitivity, and interoceptive awareness in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and related conditions. We focus on psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms and discuss their possible relevance for the pathogenesis of BPD.Recent FindingsRecent findings on objective physiological states suggest that patients with BPD likely exhibit reduced central representation of interoceptive signals as baseline, which might be relat...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 28, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Persistent Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenia: Predictors of Response
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThis review aims to discuss the role of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in schizophrenia for the management of persistent auditory hallucination, along with the predictors of response.Recent FindingsSchizophrenia is a chronic, highly disabling, severe mental illness. Antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment in schizophrenia. Despite adequate pharmacotherapy, a considerable number of patients remain symptomatic, for which brain stimulation (neuromodulation) techniques like electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial ...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 22, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Digital Phenotyping Using Multimodal Data
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDigital phenotyping involves the quantification of in situ phenotypes using personal digital devices and holds the potential to dramatically reshape how serious mental illnesses (SMI) assessment is conducted. Despite promise, few, if any, digital phenotyping efforts for SMI have garnered the support necessary for clinical implementation.Recent FindingsIn this paper, we highlight how digital phenotyping efforts can be improved by integrating data from multiple channels (i.e., “multimodal” data integration). We begin by arguing that “multimodal” integration is critical for digital phenotyping...
Source: Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports - September 18, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
