Neuropsychological Assessment Should Always be Considered in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2
Myotonic dystrophies (DMs) are hereditary, multisystem, slowly progressive myopathies. One of the systems they affect is the CNS. In contrast to the well-established cognitive profile of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), only a few studies have investigated cognitive dysfunction in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2), and their findings have been inconsistent. To identify the most commonly affected cognitive domains in individuals with DM2, we performed a formal comprehensive review of published DM2 studies. Using the terms “myotonic dystrophy type 2” AND “cognitive deficits,” “cognitive,” “cognit...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Source Type: research
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology thanks these reviewers for their invaluable service during 2020
No abstract available (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Acknowledgment to Reviewers Source Type: research
Concussion (What Do I Do Now?)
No abstract available (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Morality and the Brain: The Right Hemisphere and Doing Right
Morality, the set of shared attitudes and practices that regulate individual behavior to facilitate cohesion and well-being, is a function of the brain, yet its localization is uncertain. Neuroscientific study of morality has been conducted by examining departures from moral conduct after neurologic insult and by functional neuroimaging of moral decision-making in cognitively intact individuals. These investigations have yielded conflicting results: Acquired sociopathy, a syndromic surrogate for acquired immorality, has been reported predominantly after right frontotemporal lesions, whereas functional neuroimaging during m...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Opinions Source Type: research
Emotional Traumatic Brain Injury
The definition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has expanded to include mild TBI and postconcussive syndrome. This evolution has resulted in difficulty disentangling the physical trauma of mild TBI from the emotional trauma of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Advances in stress neurobiology and knowledge of brain injury at the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular levels call for a redefinition of TBI that encompasses both physical and emotional TBI. Conceptualizing a spectrum of TBI with both physical and emotional causation resolves the irreconcilable tangle between diagnostic categories and acknowledg...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Opinions Source Type: research
Differential Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline in Elderly Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
We describe neuropsychological and MRI-based changes that occurred in an 84-year-old MS patient with comorbid amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a precursor to AD) and cerebrovascular pathology. The neuropsychological examination demonstrated impairment in cognitive processing speed as well as in verbal and visual memory—domains that are potentially affected by any, or all, of the three co-existing diseases. Amyloid-based PET imaging showed increased focal uptake within the gray matter of the occipital lobe. We highlight how these clinical and radiologic observations can inform future research that could elucidate inter...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Frontal Variant of Alzheimer Disease Differentiated From Frontotemporal Dementia Using in Vivo Amyloid and Tau Imaging
The frontal variant of Alzheimer disease (fvAD) is characterized by behavioral and/or dysexecutive impairments that can resemble those of behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). This overlap, in addition to the lack of consensus clinical criteria for fvAD, complicates its identification. We provide the first case report of fvAD differentiated in vivo from bvFTD using amyloid-beta and tau PET imaging. The patient, a right-handed woman, presented with forgetfulness at age 60. Cognitive testing at that time revealed mild impairments in memory, attention, and executive functions. Three years later, her family repor...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome (RESLES) After Chemotherapy of Oral Tegafur-uracil in a Female With Locally Rectal Adenocarcinoma
A 42-year-old woman with reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) and rectal adenocarcinoma presented with sudden-onset delirium after the sixth cycle of her chemotherapy drug, oral tegafur-uracil (300 mg/m2/day, days 1–14, with treatment cycle repeated every 21 days). Accompanied by the anti-CV2 antibody, paraphasia, and a loss of bimanual coordination, the patient’s etiology and clinical manifestations of RESLES are unlike those of other reported cases of RESLES. Tegafur-uracil is an oral fluoropyrimidine that has a similar effect to 5-fluorouracil as an adjuvant treatment for colorectal cancer. The possibility t...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Psychiatric Disorders in Alzheimer Disease With the Presenilin-1 L226F Mutation
We report a novel case of early-onset Alzheimer disease that was originally diagnosed as psychotic depression in a patient with this gene mutation. We also compare our patient’s clinical data to those of other cases of this mutation that have been described in the literature. Because atypical behavioral and psychiatric disturbances in young ( (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus With Neuropsychological Symptoms: Two Case Reports
We report two such cases. Case 1, a 62-year-old man with a history of a subcortical hemorrhage in the right lateral temporal lobe and a brain infarct in the left medial temporo-occipital lobes, suddenly developed left unilateral spatial neglect and visual object agnosia. Diffusion-weighted imaging indicated status epilepticus, not stroke. His deficits resolved immediately after treatment with diazepam and phenytoin sodium. Case 2, a 61-year-old man with a history of brain infarcts in the right lateral temporal and left medial temporo-occipital lobes, suddenly developed global aphasia and cortical deafness. An MRI revealed ...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Dyskinetopsic Palinopsia: Palinopsia Accompanied by Moving Afterimages
We describe here a case of palinopsia accompanied by a visual motion perception disorder as manifested by moving afterimages. A 71-year-old man presented to us after having experienced acute-onset, vivid, visual hallucinations for 1 week. A detailed history revealed that he was hallucinating multiple living and nonliving objects. He also complained of a persistence of afterimages, particularly in the left visual field. He reported that, on a few occasions, while sitting by the window in his room, he had seen a moving car on the road; immediately after the car had disappeared from his sight, he had then seen the same car mo...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Scooping Rice Into a Glass and Putting a Cell Phone in the Refrigerator: Action Slips in an Individual With a Diffuse Axonal Injury
A 39-year-old man with a diffuse axonal injury self-presented to the cognitive function clinic of the Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital complaining of behavioral errors in his daily life, such as scooping hot rice into a glass instead of a bowl or forgetting to turn off the gas stove after cooking. This type of error has been referred to as an action slip—a form of unintentional behavioral error that occurs when an individual attempts to perform an automatic and/or familiar task. In this case, action slips occurred nine times a day on average and had a serious and long-term impact on the man’s daily quality of life. To reduc...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Different Patterns of Gray Matter Volume Reduction in Early-onset and Late-onset Alzheimer Disease
Conclusion:
MMSE total score is associated with the anterior temporal lobe volume in individuals with AD. Hippocampal volume and its relationship with MMSE total score are associated with LOAD pathophysiology but not EOAD pathophysiology. The hippocampal volume reduction and low MMSE scores are hallmarks of LOAD but are less specific to EOAD, which may cause a delay in diagnosis. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Study Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury in Individuals Aged 10–30 Years
Given the importance of the period of life from 10 to 30 years in terms of cognitive development and education, combined with the high incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) during this period, and limited consensus as to the pattern and degree of cognitive impairment post TBI during this period, we conducted a systematic review to investigate cognitive performance across a range of domains among individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 years who had sustained a TBI. We searched five databases and identified 799 unique records; 52 met our inclusion criteria. These studies reported cognitive function for intelligence, a...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Source Type: research
Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory
No abstract available (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - September 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
