Psychoeducational Interventions for Adults With Level 3 Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 50-Year Systematic Review
There is face validity to the expectation that adults with level 3 autism spectrum disorder (ASD–3) will benefit from a range of psychoeducational interventions. This paper reviews the empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of these interventions, many of which are currently used in clinical settings. We reviewed 56 peer-reviewed studies of psychoeducational interventions for adults with ASD–3, written in English and since 1968, that met our criteria. The reviewing team included educators, clinicians, researchers, and a biostatistician. The available literature was limited, and most, if not all, of the studies...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - September 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
A Case of Capgras Syndrome With Frontotemporal Dementia
Capgras syndrome (CS), also called imposter syndrome, is a rare psychiatric condition that is characterized by the delusion that a family relative or close friend has been replaced by an identical imposter. Here, we describe a 69-year-old man with CS who presented to the Kemal Arikan Psychiatry Clinic with an ongoing belief that his wife had been replaced by an identical imposter. MRI showed selective anterior left temporal lobe atrophy. Quantitative EEG showed bilateral frontal and temporal slowing. Neuropsychological profiling identified a broad range of deficits in the areas of naming, executive function, and long-term ...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
“Need to Know” or the Strong Urge to Find Names of Unique Entities in Acquired Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
The two forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), idiopathic and acquired, have been linked to abnormalities in the fronto-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry, involving the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and striatum. Accumulating evidence indicates that damage to other brain regions (ie, temporal lobes) is also implicated in the pathogenesis of both types of OCD. In addition, some discrete OCD symptoms have received less attention because of their presumed low occurrence and difficultly of categorization. Among these, one intriguing and potentially severe type of obsessive thinking is the s...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Schizophrenia Phenotype Preceding Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Related to C9orf72 Repeat Expansion
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) shares a constellation of clinical features with primary psychiatric disorders. The discovery of new FTD-related genetic mutations has brought attention to this overlap between bvFTD and psychotic disorders. The case reported here raises the question of whether C9orf72 repeat expansion may be involved in neuropsychiatric syndromes beyond the spectrum of neurodegenerative disease. A 61-year-old woman was referred to our memory clinic for behavioral changes and progressive cognitive decline over the last 3 years. Her medical history was significant for schizophrenia since ag...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Implicit Measures of Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge in Individuals With Level 3 Autism
In this study, we investigated whether three implicit measures—eye movement (EM) monitoring, pupillary dilation (PD), and event-related potentials (ERPs)—can be used to reliably estimate vocabulary knowledge in individuals with Level 3 autism. Five adults with Level 3 autism were tested in a repeated-measures design with two tasks. High-frequency ‘known’ words (eg, bus, airplane) and low-frequency ‘unknown’ words (eg, ackee, cherimoya) were presented in a visual world task (during which EM and PD data were collected) and a picture-word congruity task (during which ERP data were collected). Using a case-study ap...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Cognitive Profile, Emotional-Behavioral Features, and Parental Stress in Boys With 47,XYY Syndrome
Conclusions:
Generally, 47,XYY syndrome is associated with certain cognitive, emotional, and behavioral features. High stress levels have been reported by the mothers of 47,XYY boys who had been diagnosed postnatally because of unexpected developmental delay and/or learning difficulties. The present study highlights the need to better define the neuropsychiatric phenotype of 47,XYY children; namely, the effect of the chromosomal abnormality on their cognitive function and emotional-behavioral (internalizing and externalizing) features. This study could improve prenatal counseling and pediatric surveillance. (Source: Cogn...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Structured Cognitive Training Yields Best Results in Healthy Older Adults, and Their ApoE4 State and Baseline Cognitive Level Predict Training Benefits
Conclusions:
Our results support the greater effectiveness of structured cognitive training on verbal memory compared with brain jogging and no training. The success of this type of training program may be predicted by sociodemographic, cognitive, and genetic variables. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Effects of Left Versus Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Affective Flexibility in Healthy Women: A Pilot Study
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that left DLPFC HF rTMS may lead to antidepressant effects by improving the regulation of emotion. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
The Disordered Mind: What Unusual Brains Tell Us About Ourselves
No abstract available (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Book Review Source Type: research
Unfolding the Complex Dynamic Interplay Between Attentional Processes and Anxiety: A Commentary on Ghassemzadeh, Rothbart, and Posner
Theories about the involvement of attention in feelings of fear and anxiety have been debated in philosophical circles since long before the foundation of experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In this issue, Ghassemzadeh, Rothbart, and Posner (2019) provide a much-needed historical and conceptual review of the relations between attention and anxiety disorders. Throughout their paper, they argue that insights from the study of brain networks of attention offer a particularly viable prospect for best clarifying the complex relations between attentional processes and anxiety. We fully share this view. Moreover, ...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Anxiety and Brain Networks of Attentional Control
Advances in the study of brain networks can be applied to our understanding of anxiety disorders (eg, generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders) to enable us to create targeted treatments. These disorders have in common an inability to control thoughts, emotions, and behaviors related to a perceived threat. Here we review animal and human imaging studies that have revealed separate brain networks related to various negative emotions. Research has supported the idea that brain networks of attention serve to control emotion networks as well as the thoughts and behaviors related to them. We...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Historical Perspective Source Type: research
Preferential Disruption of Auditory Word Representations in Primary Progressive Aphasia With the Neuropathology of FTLD-TDP Type A
Four patients with primary progressive aphasia displayed a greater deficit in understanding words they heard than words they read, and a further deficiency in naming objects orally rather than in writing. All four had frontotemporal lobar degeneration-transactive response DNA binding protein Type A neuropathology, three determined postmortem and one surmised on the basis of granulin gene (GRN) mutation. These features of language impairment are not characteristic of any currently recognized primary progressive aphasia variant. They can be operationalized as manifestations of dysfunction centered on a putative auditory word...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Why Sex Matters: A Cognitive Study of People With Multiple Sclerosis
Conclusions:
An analysis of a large, consecutive sample of people with MS demonstrated that sex, independent of demographic, neurologic, or psychiatric factors, is an important determinant in cognitive impairment, with men being more impaired than women on tests of verbal learning and memory. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Processing of Local and Global Auditory Deviants in Parkinson Disease: Electrophysiological Evidence for Enhanced Attention Capture
Conclusions:
The larger positivity suggests that pwPD are more prone to distraction than healthy controls, probably because dopaminergic medication shifts the stability-flexibility balance toward cognitive flexibility with increased distractibility. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Subjective Sleep Quality and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Hemodialysis Patients Waitlisted for Renal Transplant
Conclusions:
Poor sleep quality and EDS are quite common among patients receiving HD, but these sleep disturbances often go undiagnosed or untreated. Better awareness and treatment of SDs could improve quality of life for HD patients waitlisted for renal transplant. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
