Complementary Phenomena: Phantom Hand and Phantom Face
After tissue or limb loss, the development of sensation and perception of the lost or deafferent tissue is defined as a phantom phenomenon. We investigated the presence of phantom phenomena in individuals who underwent a full face transplant as well as those who had a hand transplant. Specifically, we investigated sensory perception of the face on the fingers and sensory perception of the fingers on the face in three full face and four hand transplant patients. In all seven individuals, we used a brush to separately stimulate the right and left sides of the face or the palmar and dorsal faces of the hand. We then asked the...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Forced Gazing: A Stimulus-bound Behavior
We studied four patients with acquired brain injury who were compelled to gaze at a moving object or the face of an individual who came into their sight, especially the person’s eyes. The patients continued to gaze at the object or person until it disappeared from their sight. This behavior, referred to as forced gazing, is related to visual groping (part of the instinctive grasp reaction), and, together with a similar sign of visual grasping, constitutes a spectrum of visual stimulus-bound behaviors. In addition to forced gazing, the patients exhibited a primitive reflex such as a grasp or sucking reflex. Each of the pa...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Aphasia Induced by Infratentorial Ischemic Stroke: Two Case Reports
Aphasia induced by an infratentorial stroke has rarely been reported, and its mechanism has not been fully identified. We evaluated two individuals who had been admitted to Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital in Kumamoto, Japan, due to acute ischemic stroke in order to determine whether their aphasia was induced by an infratentorial stroke. The first patient, a 59-year-old man with a history of left parietal embolic stroke with very mild sequelae of anomia, developed Wernicke’s aphasia, nonfluent speech, and right limb ataxia as a result of the stroke. The second patient, a 76-year-old woman with a history of chronic renal failu...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Personality in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Associations With Face Memory Deficit and Theory of Mind
Conclusion:
Adults with ASD have a unique personality profile. Further, ASD adults with FMD have reduced insight into their difficulties with emotional processing and may not be as sensitive as ASD adults without FMD to the emotions of others. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Increasing the Clinical Utility of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test: Normative Data for Standard, Dyad, and Cognitive Fatigability Scoring
Conclusion:
The development of these normative data will allow for greater interpretation of an individual’s performance on the PASAT, beyond just the total correct score, through the use of dyad and percent dyad scores. With respect to CF, these data will allow clinicians to objectively quantify decrements in cognitive performance over time better in individuals with neurologic diseases. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
An Exploratory Study of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Individuals With Chronic Stroke Aphasia
Conclusion:
These results may provide guidance for investigators who are planning larger trials of tDCS for individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research
Cognitive–motor Interference in Individuals With a Neurologic Disorder: A Systematic Review of Neural Correlates
Conclusion:
Despite large heterogeneity in study methodologies, some recurrent patterns were noted. Particularly, in neurologic patients, an already higher brain activation during single tasks was seen compared with healthy controls, perhaps compromising the patients’ ability to further adapt brain activation with increasing load during dual tasking and resulting in reduced behavioral dual task performance. (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Source Type: research
Navigating Life With Parkinson’s Disease, Second Edition
No abstract available (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research
The Tunnel
No abstract available (Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology)
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Book Reviews Source Type: research
[123I]Iomazenil SPECT Detects a Reversible Lesion of the Left Medial Temporal Lobe in a Case of Global Autobiographical Amnesia
We report the case of a 62-year-old Japanese woman with global autobiographical amnesia who had disappeared for ∼4 weeks. [123I]-IMZ SPECT showed reduced IMZ uptake in her left medial temporal lobe and no significant reduction on N-isopropyl-[123I] p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT in the identical region. Because IMZ binds to the central benzodiazepine receptor, this dissociation between IMZ and IMP SPECT was thought to reflect the breakdown of inhibitory neurotransmission in the left medial temporal lobe. Moreover, when the woman recovered most of her memory 32 months after fugue onset, the IMZ SPECT-positive lesion had de...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Visual Hallucinations in a Patient With Moyamoya Disease: A Review and Case Report
We report the case of a 34-year-old man with MMD who suffered from psychosis accompanied by visual hallucinations. The man was diagnosed with MMD and attends periodic follow-ups in our neurology outpatient clinic. After undergoing programmed neurosurgery, the man’s immediate postoperative follow-up neuroimaging showed an extensive right frontotemporal acute ischemic lesion for which he was treated and released. Almost a year later, he presented to an outpatient psychiatric clinic where he complained of visual hallucinations and delusions. This time, there was no change in neuroimaging. Treatment with olanzapine was succe...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Multimodal Neurophysiological and Neuroimaging Evidence of Genetic Influence on Motor Control: A Case Report of Monozygotic Twins
Considering genetic influence on brain structure and function, including motor control, we report a case of right-handed monozygotic twins with atypical organization of fine motor movement control that might imply genetic influence. Structural and functional organization of the twins’ motor function was assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), fMRI with a motor-task paradigm, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. TMS revealed that both twins presented the same unexpected activation and inhibition of both motor cortices during volitional unilateral fine hand movement. The right ipsilateral cortic...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Verbal Adynamia and Conceptualization in Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis and Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis
We report the case of a 40-year-old, left-handed, male native English speaker who presented with partial rhombencephalosynapsis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and a language profile that is consistent with verbal adynamia, or subclinical dynamic aphasia, possibly underpinned by difficulties selecting and generating ideas for expression. This case is only the second investigation of dynamic aphasia in an individual with a congenital brain malformation. It is also the first detailed neuropsychological report of an adult with partial rhombencephalosynapsis and corpus callosum dysgenesis, and the only known case of superior inte...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Subsequent to Apparent Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
We present the case of a 31-year-old male veteran with PTSD who reported TBI before entering the military. The reported injury appeared to be mild: He was struck on the head by a baseball, losing consciousness for ∼10 seconds. Years later, he developed severe PTSD after combat exposure. He was not receiving clinical services for these issues but was encountered in the context of a research study. We conducted cognitive, autonomic, and MRI assessments to assess brain function, structure, and neurophysiology. Next, we compared amygdala volume, uncinate fasciculus diffusion, functional connectivity, facial affect recognitio...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Interference Resolution in Nonfluent Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia: Evidence From a Picture–Word Interference Task
Background:
Picture–word interference tasks have been used to investigate (a) the time course of lexical access in individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and (b) how these individuals resolve competition during lexical selection.
Objective:
To investigate the time course of Greek-speaking individuals with PPA to produce grammatical gender-marked determiner phrases by examining their picture-naming latencies in the context of distractor words.
Method:
Eight individuals with nonfluent variant PPA (nfv-PPA; M age = 62.8 years) and eight cognitively intact controls (M age = 61.1 years) participa...
Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology - March 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Original Study Source Type: research
