Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Bone Quality Assessment Techniques: Geometric, Compositional, and Mechanical Characterization from Macroscale to Nanoscale
AbstractThis review presents an overview of the characterization techniques available to experimentally evaluate bone quality, defined as the geometric and material factors that contribute to fracture resistance independently of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The methods available for characterization of the geometric, compositional, and mechanical properties of bone across multiple length scales are summarized, along with their outcomes and their advantages and disadvantages. Examples of how each technique is used are discussed, as well as practical concerns such as sample ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 21, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Quality and Quantity are Mediated by Mechanical Stimuli
AbstractPrevention of fracture through improved bone mechanical strength is of great importance given the large number of bone disease-related fractures each year, the decreased quality of life associated with fractures, and the large anticipated increase in fracture incidence over the upcoming years due to the aging population. Exercise and other forms of mechanical stimulation have been shown to increase bone mass, suggesting improved strength. However, while bone mass is a good indicator of strength, other components (such as bone quality) also contribute to bone mechanical integrity. While increased bone mass has been ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 16, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Understanding Bone Strength from Finite Element Models: Concepts for Non-engineers
AbstractRecent clinical studies have reported not only changes in bone mineral density in patient populations but also changes in bone strength determined using finite element modeling. Finite element modeling is a technique well established in engineering but unfamiliar to many clinicians and basic biologists. Here, we provide a conceptual introduction to finite element modeling and its clinical applications to bone that is written for individuals without any background in engineering. Finite element modeling of bone is the net result of over 60  years of effort in the engineering community and over 40 years of effort i...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 7, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Biomechanics and Bone Quality: Effects of Pharmaceutical Agents Used to Treat Osteoporosis
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > The biomechanical properties of bone define skeletal fragility. Surrogates such as bone density or biochemical markers are used to estimate the mechanical properties of bone because mechanical properties cannot be measured in a clinical environment. Within the set of bone ’s mechanical properties, the material properties of the tissue itself are the defining feature of bone quality. Because they are the summation of all bone quality characteristics, bone’s material properties can define whether bone is fragile or healthy, even though other stud...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 25, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Forward: A Fresh Look at Measuring and Altering Bone Quality
Abstract This special issue of Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism presents a series of review articles on how bone quality is measured and how it is altered by intervention. These articles highlight the great progress that has been made over the past three decades to define and study bone quality. The stage is now set to harness these concepts of bone quality for development of new approaches to strengthen the skeleton and reduce fracture risk. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 10, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Locomotive Organ Disorders and Symptoms: An Estimation Using the Population-Based Cohorts in Japan
Abstract Although locomotive organ diseases such as osteoporotic fractures and osteoarthritis are major reasons for disability and require support, little information is available regarding the epidemiology of musculoskeletal dysfunction and its symptoms including knee pain and lumbar pain in Japan. The research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability (ROAD) study is a prospective cohort study that aims at elucidating the environmental and genetic background for locomotive organ diseases, and has been ongoing since 2005. In this review, epidemiological indices such as prevalence of locomotive or...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 6, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Locomotive Syndrome: Operational Definition Based on a Questionnaire, and Exercise Interventions on Mobility Dysfunction in Elderly People
Abstract The increasing elderly population has a great impact on public health, and it is important to understand the progression of musculoskeletal disorders seen in this population. To establish useful preventative methods for such locomotive disorders, we must detect early changes in these individuals and identify those at risk in order to implement early interventions. The purpose of this review was: (1) to introduce an operational definition of locomotion dysfunction to prevent a care-need condition, and to verify its validity through a prospective cohort study, and (2) to review the indication of ex...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 2, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Osteoporosis as a Cause of Locomotive Syndrome: The Influence on Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living
Abstract Osteoporosis, a cause of locomotive syndrome, influences functional mobility and activities of daily living in elderly people. The patients with vertebral fractures and/or with first hip fracture have a high risk of a subsequent hip fracture. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 2, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Introduction
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 31, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Osteoarthritis as a Cause of Locomotive Syndrome: Its Influence on Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living
Abstract “Locomotive syndrome” is defined as a condition associated with restriction in one’s ability to walk or lead a normal life due to a dysfunction in one or more of the parts of the locomotion system, including the muscles, bones, joints, cartilage or intervertebral discs. This syndrome especially refers to individuals who have come to need nursing care services because of problems with the locomotive organs, or those who have conditions which may require them to need such services in the near future. Recent epidemiological studies revealed that the one-fourth of elderly individuals who requir...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 26, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Locomotive Syndrome: Definition and Management
Abstract Locomotive syndrome is a condition of reduced mobility due to impairment of locomotive organs. Since upright bipedal walking involves minutely controlled movement patterns, impairment of any aspect of the locomotive organs has the potential to adversely affect it. In addition to trauma, chronic diseases of the locomotive organs, which progress with repeated bouts of acute exacerbations, are common causes of the locomotive syndrome. In Japan’s super-aging society, many people are likely to experience locomotive syndrome in the later part of their lives. Exercise intervention is effective in impr...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 24, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Spinal Disorders as a Cause of Locomotive Syndrome: The Influence on Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living
Abstract Spinal disorders are one of the most common causes of locomotive syndrome because the spine plays an important role as the locomotive organs which provide the three functions: body frames, junction sites, and motors/regulators. Previous reports have shown that low back pain or leg pain and/or intermittent claudication due to spinal stenosis in lumbar spine disorders, gait abnormality due to degenerative cervical myelopathy in cervical spine disorders, and trunk imbalance due to adult spinal deformity have negative effects on walking speed, walking distance, and movement ability, thereby in...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Sarcopenia as a Cause of Locomotive Syndrome: The Influence on Functional Mobility and Activities of Daily Living
Abstract Locomotive syndrome refers to conditions under which the elderly have been receiving support or long-term care, or high-risk conditions under which they might soon require support or long-term care, which are caused by musculoskeletal disorders. The concept of locomotive syndrome was proposed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association in 2007 for the promotion of preventive health care of locomotive organs to reduce its risk and decrease the number of disabled elderly requiring care in their activities of daily living. Sarcopenia is among the causes of locomotive syndrome since it is characterized by...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Current Knowledge, Drug-Based Therapeutic Options and Future Directions in Managing Osteoporosis
Abstract Osteoporotic fractures are a worldwide problem that increase mortality of elderly patients leaving a high cost to the world economy. In addition to exercise and supplementary regimens, medications and pharmaceutical agents are used for osteoporosis management. Anti-resorptive drugs particularly bisphosphonates are the classic option. However, anti-resorptive therapy alone may not be a suitable option for all the patients. Osteoporosis may occur as a result of increase in bone resorption, decrease in new bone formation or combination of both. Depending on which mechanism (anabolic vs. catabolic vs...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - April 26, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Introduction: Assessment of Skeletal Health —Beyond Bone Density
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 29, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research