Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Comparison of Efficacy of Pharmacologic Treatments in Pregnancy- and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis
In this study, we aimed to summarise pharmacologic strategies and its efficacy on BMD change and subsequent fractures using individual case data or frequency-weighted group data from available literatures. Among 2438 studies identified using PubMed and Embase until Jan 2019, 30 studies which reported pharmacologic treatment (23 studies) or observation (7 studies) were included. Reported treatment options consisted of observation with calcium/vitamin D supplements (control,n = 32), bisphosphonates (BP,n = 31), teriparatide (TPTD,n = 40) and other strategies (vitamin K2 and strontium; other,n = 4). Median tre...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 10, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Low Bone Mineral Density in Anorexia Nervosa: Treatments and Challenges
AbstractAnorexia nervosa, a psychiatric disease predominantly affecting women, is characterized by self-induced starvation and a resultant low-weight state. During starvation, a number of hormonal adaptations —including hypothalamic amenorrhea and growth hormone resistance—allow for decreased energy expenditure during periods of decreased nutrient intake, but these very same adaptations also contribute to the medical complications associated with chronic starvation, including low bone mass. Almost 90 % of women with anorexia nervosa have bone mineral density (BMD) values more than one-standard deviation below the mean ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - April 14, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Acknowledgement to Referees 2018
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - March 4, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Clinical Relevance of the Bone Vascular System: Age-Related Implications
Abstract]The microcirculation of bone and marrow is vital for bone development, maintenance, and repair. In addition to the well-known function of transporting oxygen, nutrients, systemic hormones, precursor cells, waste, etc., the bone vascular network plays a role in the mechanical induction of bone formation. In addition, arteries and marrow sinusoids are critical components of hematopoietic stem cell niches. This review discusses the various roles of the bone and marrow microcirculation in regard to (1) bone development, remodeling, and fracture repair; (2) the regulation of bone intramedullary pressure and interstitia...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 22, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of Sympathetic Activity on Human Skeletal Homeostasis: Clinical Evidence from Pheochromocytoma
AbstractBone is a highly dynamic tissue that is continuously being renewed in a lifelong remodeling process that is guided by mechanical and biochemical signals. Imbalances between the underlying processes result in metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteopetrosis; therefore, all phases of bone remodeling are tightly controlled by systemic or local factors to maintain bone homeostasis. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, operates through a series of interconnected neurons and finalizes the actions by binding catecholamines, released from postga...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - January 19, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Bone Tissue: Bone Quality Assessment in Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Osteoporosis and Fragility Fracture
AbstractThe pathogenesis of bone fragility is of utmost importance especially to modern societies with aging populations. Increased skeletal fragility due to aging and disease motivates researchers to investigate the contributing biological mechanisms and to find ways to inhibit them. Bone quality is a set of structural and compositional variables that contribute to bone strength and influence its ability to resist fracture. They originate from multiple bone hierarchical levels and include the morphology (mass distribution), the chemical composition, and the biomechanical properties of bone tissue such as stiffness, fatigu...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - January 10, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Tendon Healing in the Context of Complex Fractures
AbstractTendons connect muscle to bone and play an integral role in bone and joint alignment and loading. Tendons act as pulleys that provide anchorage of muscle forces for joint motion and stability, as well as for fracture reduction and realignment. Patients that experience complex fractures also have concomitant soft tissue injuries, such as tendon damage or rupture. Tendon injuries that occur at the time of bone fracture have long-term ramifications on musculoskeletal health, yet these injuries are often disregarded in clinical treatment and diagnosis for patients with bone fractures as well as in basic science approac...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 29, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Fracture Acute Phase Response —A Unifying Theory of Fracture Repair: Clinical and Scientific Implications
AbstractBone fractures create five problems that must be resolved: bleeding, risk of infection, hypoxia, disproportionate strain, and inability to bear weight. There have been enormous advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that resolve these problems after fractures, and in best clinical practices of repairing fractures. We put forth a modern, comprehensive model of fracture repair that synthesizes the literature on the biology and biomechanics of fracture repair to address the primary problems of fractures. This updated model is a framework for both fracture management and future studies aimed at u...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 29, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Systemic Bone Loss After Fracture
AbstractA history of prior fracture is the most reliable indicator of prospective fracture risk. Increased fracture risk is not confined to the region of the prior fracture but is operant at all skeletal sites, providing strong evidence of systemic bone loss after fracture. Animal and human studies suggest that systemic bone loss begins shortly after fracture and persists for several years in humans. In fact, bone quantity and bone quality may never fully return to their pre-fracture levels, especially in older subjects, demonstrating a need for improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to systemic bone loss after f...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 6, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Military Fractures: Overtraining, Accidents, Casualties, and Fragility
AbstractFractures sustained by military personnel are prevalent and costly both in the lives of individual service members and in consideration of overall military readiness. Training, environment, and hazards change throughout and after a military career. During training, military recruits are susceptible to stress fractures through overtraining. In both non-deployed and deployed non-battle environments, the most likely cause of fractures to service members is through mechanisms regularly encountered in civilian environments, including motor vehicle accidents and falls. In combat environments, however, fractures are typic...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 28, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Exploring the Links Between Common Diseases of Ageing —Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia and Vascular Calcification
AbstractVascular diseases account for a significant proportion of preventable deaths, particularly in developed countries. Our understanding of diseases that alter the structure and function of blood vessels such as vascular calcification and vascular stiffness has grown enormously such that we now appreciate them to be active processes that can be modified. Interest has also grown in examining the links between other diseases of ageing such as the loss of bone (osteoporosis) and muscle (sarcopenia) with the development and progression of vascular disease as these three disease states commonly co-occur in older age. Cardio...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 23, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Clinical Measurements of Bone Tissue Mechanical Behavior Using Reference Point Indentation
AbstractOver the last 30  years, it has become increasingly clear the amount of bone (e.g., “bone quantity”) and the quality of the bone matrix (e.g., “bone quality”) both critically contribute to bone’s tissue-level mechanical behavior and the subsequent ability of bone to resist fracture. Although determining t he tissue-level mechanical behavior of bone through mechanical testing is relatively straightforward in the laboratory, the destructive nature of such testing is unfeasible in humans and in animal models requiring longitudinal observation. Therefore, surrogate measurements are necessary for quantify ing...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 12, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bringing Attention to Lesser-known Bone Remodeling Pathways
AbstractOsteoporosis, a disease of low bone mass, places individuals at enhanced risk for fracture, disability, and death. In the USA, hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures exceed those for heart attack, stroke, and breast cancer and, by 2025, the number of fractures due to osteoporosis is expected to rise to nearly three million in the USA alone. Pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis are aimed at stabilizing or increasing bone mass. However, there are significant drawbacks to current pharmacological options, particularly for long-term management of this chronic condition. Moreover, the drug development pipelin...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Association Between Social Support and Bone Health Outcomes: a Systematic Review
AbstractPrevious studies on the association between social support and bone health outcomes did not produce consistent results. The main goal of this study was to resolve the inconsistency by systematically examining the studies on the association in the last two decades. In order to do that, we distinguished between two types of social supports: structural supports, which is the pattern of person ’s social relationship, and functional support, which is the perceived specific functions from social ties. For fracture, structural social support, especially marital (or cohabitation) status, showed a strong association betwe...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Clinical Measurements of Bone Tissue Mechanical Behavior Using Reference Point Indentation
AbstractOver the last 30  years, it has become increasingly clear the amount of bone (e.g., “bone quantity”) and the quality of the bone matrix (e.g., “bone quality”) both critically contribute to bone’s tissue-level mechanical behavior and the subsequent ability of bone to resist fracture. Although determining t he tissue-level mechanical behavior of bone through mechanical testing is relatively straightforward in the laboratory, the destructive nature of such testing is unfeasible in humans and in animal models requiring longitudinal observation. Therefore, surrogate measurements are necessary for quantify ing...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research