Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

2018 —Changing Times for CRBM
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 7, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Glucocorticoid Excess in Bone and Muscle
AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC), produced and released by the adrenal glands, regulate numerous physiological processes in a wide range of tissues. Because of their profound immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, GC are extensively used for the treatment of immune and inflammatory conditions, the management of organ transplantation, and as a component of chemotherapy regimens for cancers. However, both pathologic endogenous elevation and long-term use of exogenous GC are associated with severe adverse effects. In particular, excess GC has devastating effects on the musculoskeletal system. GC increase bone resorption...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 5, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of Bazedoxifene on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture in Post-Menopausal Osteoporotic Women: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractBazedoxifene (BZA) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that reduces the risk of fracture and improves bone mineral density in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate effects of BZA on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture in post-menopausal osteoporotic women. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Sciences, Embase, and Scopus from until November 30, 2016. All randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of BZA on BMD and the incidence of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in post...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 5, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Myokine —Irisin—and Its Effects Linking Bone and Muscle Function
AbstractIrisin is a myokine secreted by the skeletal muscle during physical activity both in mice and humans. Its first identified role was to activate the browning response in white adipocytes, subsequently triggering non-shivering thermogenesis; therefore, Irisin has raised great expectations as a potential target in the treatment of obesity. In 2015, we demonstrated that Irisin plays a central role in the control of bone mass, driving positive effects on cortical mineral density and bone mechanical properties. This effect on the bone was triggered using an Irisin dosage 70 times lower than the one needed to induce the b...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 2, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Stress and Insufficiency Fractures
AbstractStress fractures are most common in athletes and military recruits but also occur in patients with underlying metabolic bone disease (insufficiency fractures). Stress fractures are most frequent in the lower extremities and more common in women. Thefemale athlete triad is an important risk factor. At the cellular level, the osteocyte may be important in the detection of stress fractures. Further, osteocytes are probably important in the healing of stress fractures. In patients with recurrent stress fractures, a biochemical evaluation for underlying metabolic bone disease should be undertaken. Prevention includes av...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 22, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bioreactor as a New Resource of Autologous Bone Graft to Overcome Bone Defect In Vivo
AbstractBone defect will not undergo any process of healing when not treated. Tissue engineering is currently exploring alternatives for generating new bone tissue. The base triad for bone tissue engineering is manipulation of osteogenic cells, growth factors, and bio scaffolds. Diamond concept includes mechanical environment and this base triad. Provided constant stream of pluripotent stem cells and biomolecular signals that is necessary for bone formation are some advantages of this in vivo bioreactor. Thus, we conducted article searches by using computerized database of PUBMED and Google Scholar. After sorting and selec...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Mechanisms of Altered Bone Remodeling in Multiple Myeloma
AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells proliferating in the bone marrow and it is associated with the osteolytic bone disease. About 70% of myeloma patients show the bone disease at diagnosis and 15 –20% have pathologic fractures. The osteolytic disease is due to the altered bone remodeling with increased activity of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells, and the reduced activity of osteoblasts, the bone forming cells. In the bone marrow microenvironment, the deregulated activity of bone cell s is due to the malignant plasma cells through the release of soluble molecules or cell-cell co...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

A Review on Bone Mineral Density Loss in Total Knee Replacements Leading to Increased Fracture Risk
AbstractThe link between low bone mineral density (BMD) scores leading to greater fracture risk is well established in the literature; what is not fully understood is the impact of total knee replacements/revisions or arthroplasties on BMD levels. This literature review attempts to answer this question. Several different databases using specific key terms were searched, with additional papers retrieved via bibliographic review. Based on the available evidence, total knee replacements/revisions and arthroplasties lower BMD and thus increase fracture risk. This review also addresses the possible implications of this research...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Health in Parkinson ’s Disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor at rest, bradykinesia, rigidity, and loss of postural reflexes. Patients can also exhibit a plethora of non-motor symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. In the l ast years, a growing body of evidence has revealed that PD patients have relevant abnormalities in bone health. A substantial number of studies have shown that PD is associated with an increased risk of fractures, with low bone mineral density and with decreased vitamin D levels in serum. Osteoporos is in PD m...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Metastasis from Solid Tumors: Biologic and Clinical State of the Art
AbstractBone metastases are a frequent and debilitating consequence for many tumors, of which breast, lung, prostate, and kidney cancer are the most common. The dialog among cancer cells, bone microenvironment, and immune system regulates bone metastasis formation. Indeed, bone and immune system are strictly linked to each other because bone regulates the hematopoietic stem cells from which all cells of the immune system derive. Many immunoregulatory cytokines influence the fate of bone cells and promote the growth of tumor cells in bone, contributing to sustain the vicious cycle of bone metastasis. Bone is an attractive s...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis and the New ACR Guideline
AbstractGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) continues to be the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis because at any time about 1% of the adult population has been prescribed oral glucocorticoids. Surprisingly, there are relatively few treatment studies of GIOP, particularly of younger individuals including women of child bearing potential and children. Thus, recommendations for management of patients at risk for fracture or who have already suffered an osteoporotic fracture are often based more on clinical experience than randomized controlled trials. Nonetheless, organizations such as the American College of...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis Using Body CT Scans Obtained for Other Indications: the UW Experience
AbstractLow bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) leading to fragility fractures is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in our aging population. This condition is grossly underdiagnosed due to both insufficient screening and its silent nature prior to complicating fragility fractures. Body CT scans are commonly obtained among older adults for a wide variety of indications and contain rich data regarding bone health that are often ignored. At the University of Wisconsin, we have sought to harness this CT information for “opportunistic” osteoporosis screening. In this article, we review the v...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bioreactor as a New Resource of Autologous Bone Graft to Overcome Bone Defect In Vivo
AbstractBone defect will not undergo any process of healing when not treated. Tissue engineering is currently exploring alternatives for generating new bone tissue. The base triad for bone tissue engineering is manipulation of osteogenic cells, growth factors, and bio scaffolds. Diamond concept includes mechanical environment and this base triad. Provided constant stream of pluripotent stem cells and biomolecular signals that is necessary for bone formation are some advantages of this in vivo bioreactor. Thus, we conducted article searches by using computerized database of PUBMED and Google Scholar. After sorting and selec...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 25, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Mechanisms of Altered Bone Remodeling in Multiple Myeloma
AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells proliferating in the bone marrow and it is associated with the osteolytic bone disease. About 70% of myeloma patients show the bone disease at diagnosis and 15 –20% have pathologic fractures. The osteolytic disease is due to the altered bone remodeling with increased activity of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells, and the reduced activity of osteoblasts, the bone forming cells. In the bone marrow microenvironment, the deregulated activity of bone cell s is due to the malignant plasma cells through the release of soluble molecules or cell-cell co...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 11, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research