Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Towards a Standard Approach to Assess Tibial Bone Loss Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
AbstractLong-term implant failure in the form of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fracture is the most common cause of revision procedures in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While early loosening can often be attributed to failure of primary fixation, late implant failure could be associated with loss of fixation secondary to bone resorption, as a result of stress shielding in the proximal tibia. This current review study was performed to identify the clinical effects of different implant-, patient-, and surgery-related biomechanical factors on TKA-related tibial bone loss in clinical reality. Implant-related factors co...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 22, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Adipokines and Chronic Rheumatic Diseases: from Inflammation to Bone Involvement
AbstractBesides its well-known role as energy storage tissue, adipose tissue is a biologically active tissue that can also be considered as an endocrine organ, as it is able to secrete adipokines. These bioactive factors, similar in structure to cytokines, are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, control of food intake, and also inflammation and bone homeostasis via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. Given their pleiotropic functions, the role of adipokines has been evaluated in chronic rheumatic osteoarticular infl...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - March 9, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 Disease: Possible Osteoimmunology and Gender Implications
We present a brief review of the molecular mechanisms linking inflammatory diseases to increased fracture risk/osteoporosis and of the therapeutic strategies that can prevent bone resorption in patients with inflammatory disease, focusing on the RANK-RANKL system. We also make some considerations on gender differences in infection response and on their implications for survival and for the consequences of COVID-19. Several inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- α, stimulate osteoclast activity, favoring bone resorption through the RANK-RANKL system. Data from the previous SARS-CoV outbreak suggest that th...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 31, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Current and Emerging Therapies for Pediatric Bone Diseases
This article reviews data regarding mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of four bone drugs in pediatric patients. These are (1) zoledronic acid, a long-acting bisphosphonate; (2) denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor; (3) asfotase alfa, a synthetic alkaline phosphatase; and (4) burosumab, a monoclonal antibody against FGF23. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 14, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Can Periodontal Disease Be Considered Linked to Obesity and Lipoinflammation? Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis Occurrence
The objective of this review is to explore the influence of lipoinflammation. The effects of lipoinflammation and obesity on development of periodontal disease are reported together with the e xploration of the mechanisms of interaction between these two diseases. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 12, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: the Common Thread
AbstractPeriodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are immuno-inflammatory diseases where leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory mediators induce alveolar bone loss, synovitis and joint destruction, respectively. One percent of the human population is affected by RA which is an autoimmune disease that target modified self-epitopes while 11% of the global adult population are affected by severe chronic periodontitis in which commensal microflora on the tooth surface is replaced by a dysbiotic consortium of bacteria that promote the chronic inflammatory destruction of periodontal tissue. Despite differences in aetiolo...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 8, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoarthritis: the Role of Glucose Transporters
In conclusion, GLUT-1 composition in the plasma membrane of articular cell and chondrocyte increases glucose uptake in hyperglycemic conditions. This event leads to increased levels of inflammatory cytokines—such as IL-1β, TGF-β1, and MMP—oxidative stress, and AGEs. Therefore , these alterations induce the deleterious effects of glucotoxicity at the joint surface, which ultimately leads to OA. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 15, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Health and BMD Research in Pediatric and Adolescent Individuals with ASD: Current Data, Evaluation, and Next Steps
AbstractAustin spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that can include impairments in communication skills and social interaction as well as behavioral challenges. Recent research has evaluated bone health and bone mineral density (BMD) in cohorts of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult participants. Consistent findings across publications indicate that individuals with ASD have decreased BMD when compared to non-ASD age-matched peers. Factors raised in the literature for consideration of impact on BMD status include dietary intake, feeding behavior, nutrient status, gastrointestinal (GI) sympto...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 25, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Metabolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease
AbstractOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Several gastrointestinal disorders have been associated with osteoporosis including inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Different factors can explain low bone density and fractures in these patients. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 24, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapy for Gaucher Disease
AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is the most common inherited lysosomal storage disorder. It is a multi-system disease secondary a deficient activity of glucocerebrosidase- β-acid by variants in theGBA gene. The wide variability in the severity of clinical manifestations causes it to be diagnosed at any age. Only about 30% of patients are identified to have it in their childhood. Leaving aside the most serious forms of the diseases that are observed in the first weeks of life, most of the manifestations focus on the increase of visceral size, cytopenias, growth retardation, and bone pain crisis. The introduction of enzymatic ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 19, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

X-linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets: the Challenges of Treatment
AbstractX-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR) is the most common inherited form of rickets due to a mutation in the phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX gene) expressed in bones and teeth. This leads to impaired renal reabsorption of phosphate and defective bone mineralization. Clinical presentation often occurs in childhood, where children mostly present with bow legs, delayed walking, or gait difficulties. Other clinical features may also be present and these are described in this review in addition to the classic laboratory findings. Focus is made on the manag...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - October 28, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Osteoporosis in Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury: an Overview of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatments
AbstractImmediately after spinal cord injury (SCI), approximately 75% of patients suffer rapid and severe loss of bone mineral density (BMD) below the lesion level (i.e., sublesional), leading to osteoporosis (OP) in ~  60% 1-year post-injury. The distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) are most commonly involved, and 70% of SCI patients sustain a low impact fracture at some point in their lifetime, adding disability to an already physically challenged population. Unfortunately, OP treatments for post-menopaus al women are not as effective for OP post-SCI. Mechanisms of new agents targeting the neurogenic etiology of b...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 1, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Skeletal Changes Associated with Osteoarthritis
AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder in which progressive articular cartilage loss occurs alongside pathological changes in subchondral bone and other joint tissues. The pathophysiological role of bone in OA has been a point of interest for many years and has resurfaced again in recent years as a potential target for new treatments. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone together form the osteochondral unit. Its homeostasis and integrity are reliant on biochemical crosstalk and biomechanical interplay between the two. Subchondral bone, with its relatively greater stiffness and strength, provides m...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 18, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Socio-economic Determinants of Bone Health from Past to Present
AbstractIncreasing epidemiology evidence amounts for social determinants of bone health underlying musculo-skeletal conditions such as osteoporosis. Amongst different facets influencing skeletal health, socio-economic status (SES) has been identified as a critical factor determining one ’s access to resources, health care, education, nutrition, and physical activity. Recent conceptual and epigenetic studies assessing SES links with DNA methylation offer further support for the adverse effects of social disadvantage in early life on bone quantity and quality in adulthood. However, this evidence for socially patterned risk...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 1, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Health in the Transgender Population
AbstractIt is well known that sex steroids, particularly estrogen, play a crucial role in the attainment and maintenance of peak bone density in all people. Transgender (trans) have been frequently observed to have low bone density prior to initiation of gender-affirming hormone therapy, while trans men generally do not. With pharmacologic estrogen, many studies show improving bone density in trans women. With pharmacologic testosterone, bone density in trans men remains largely unchanged although androgens have indirect effects on bone health via changes in fat and lean mass. Much remains unknown about best practices to o...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 1, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research