Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Impact of Anti-hyperglycemic Medications on Bone Health
Abstract Diabetes has recently emerged as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, and the underlying mechanisms are starting to be unveiled. Medications used in the treatment of diabetes may impact skeletal health in part through glycemic control. In addition, specific classes of anti-hyperglycemic medications directly influence bone metabolism. In particular, thiazolidinedione use is clearly associated with greater fracture risk. Preliminary studies suggest that medications that enhance the incretin effect (GLP-1 receptor analogs and DPP-4 inhibitors) could have a bone-pro...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 14, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Basic Aspects of Adipokines in Bone Metabolism
Abstract For many years, adipose tissues have been considered a lipid storage organ, with a vital role limited to energy balance. However, since the discovery of leptin 20 years ago, this view changed radically. Now, it is well recognized that white adipose tissue is an endocrine organ able to secrete a wide variety of factors called adipokines. These hormones have been demonstrated to play relevant roles in metabolism, immunity, inflammation and also in bone metabolism. Thus, this review summarizes the recent findings in basic research about the involvement of several adipokines in bone metabolis...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - January 13, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bariatric Surgery and Effects on Calcium and Bone Metabolism
Abstract With the increasing epidemic of obesity in the United States as well as abroad, bariatric surgery has emerged as the most effective and sustained treatment for reduction. This treatment modality has been well recognized to diminish the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and ameliorate diabetes mellitus. However, with time, derangement in mineral metabolism has emerged as a major complication in this population. Population-based study has shown increased prevalence of bone fractures and kidney stone formation following bariatric surgery. The risk appears to be more specific after Rou...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 7, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Risk Factors for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism After Bariatric Surgery
Abstract The frequency of bariatric operations is rising rapidly as is the number of patients on long term follow-up. Therefore, it is important to study the nutritional and metabolic complications and establish preventive measures. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and metabolic bone disease are frequent after bariatric surgery and are caused by the reduced intake and absorption of calcium and vitamin D. Unfortunately, obesity itself poses a risk of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism, other risk factors being darker skin colour, increasing age and living at high latitude. These risks are ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - October 21, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bariatric Surgery and Its Effects on Calcium and Bone Metabolism
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - October 16, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Role of PTHrP in Regulating Mineral Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Fetal/Neonatal Development
This article reviews our present understanding about PTHrP’s role to control mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development. Excess PTHrP can also be produced by the placenta or the breasts during pregnancy, or by the breasts during lactation, and in both situations it can lead to hypercalcemia and other clinical features that are indistinguishable from HHM. The highest concentrations of PTHrP are found in milk, and recent evidence indicates that milk-based PTHrP may reduce mineral accretion by the newborn skeleton, but whether it does this through local actions in the neonatal gut or afte...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Role of PTHrP in Skeletal Metastases and Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Abstract Since its discovery as the principal mediator of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has emerged as a key player in skeletal complications associated with solid tumor metastasis to bone. In addition to functioning as an endocrine factor, this pleiotropic peptide mediates its actions locally on tumor and stromal cells in paracrine, autocrine, and intracrine fashion when cancer metastasizes to the bone compartment. Multiple splice variants and newly described PTHrP fragments confer diverse functions to PTHrP that extend beyond binding to its common rec...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Role of PTHrP in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer
Abstract Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) signaling has been shown to affect the development of many tissues including bone, cartilage, and mammary gland. In this review, we focus on the role of PTHrP in the normal mammary gland and its contributions to breast pathogenesis. During embryonic mammary development, PTHrP drives mammary mesenchyme specification, which is responsible for maintaining mammary cell fate, promoting the outgrowth of ducts, and directing the formation of the nipple. During lactation, PTHrP mobilizes maternal calcium to ensure a supply of calcium into milk and may play a ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Historical Perspective and Evolutionary Origins of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
Abstract After the discovery of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as the cause of the hypercalcemia of malignancy, it was found to be distributed widely in tissues, with its actions driving many physiologic and pathologic conditions. Its involvement in cancer extended to a contribution to the ability of cancer cells to promote bone resorption and establish as metastases. It was found to have multiple activities within the sequence, including a nuclear localizing sequence and a specific nuclear transport system. PTHrP and parathyroid hormone (PTH) appear to have arisen from a common ancestral g...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Role of PTHrP in Pancreatic Beta-Cells and Implications for Diabetes Pathophysiology and Treatment
This article enumerates on the role of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and its mode of action on pancreatic beta-cell function, proliferation, and survival in rodents as well as in human beta-cells. A further understanding of the mechanism of action of PTHrP and its role in the normal physiology and pathophysiology of the beta-cell will be important for its potential use in future as a therapeutic treatment for diabetes. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

PTHrP Action on Skeletal Development: A Key for the Controlled Growth of Endochondral Bones
Abstract Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was initially identified as a humoral factor that causes the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancies. PTHrP is expressed in tumors and a variety of tissues, acting on the formation and maintenance of these tissues in a paracrine manner. Skeletal formation is one of the notable developmental events in which PTHrP acts as a master regulator. During endochondral ossification, PTHrP is expressed in periarticular regions of fetal cartilage (also referred to as the growth plate) and the perichondrium, whereas the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR) is expressed strongly...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Role of PTHrP in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Abstract All calciotropic hormones have vasculotropic actions. This terse tenet challenges us to re-think the roles played by the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) in vertebrate physiology. PTH1R signaling does not only control bone formation and serum calcium phosphate homeostasis. Cues dependent upon the PTH1R maintain myocardial viability during prenatal development and regulate arteriosclerotic calcification and vascular remodeling during post-natal life. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby PTH/PTHrP signaling impacts the cardiovascular system will provide therapeutic insights useful for treat...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein: Not Just a Parathyrin Mimic but a Key Regulator of Diverse Tissues and Physiological Systems
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels After Bariatric Surgery
Abstract Vitamin D deficiency is common after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, as malabsorptive component of the procedure affects its absorption, and dietary intake is inadequate due to restricted postoperative diet. Obesity itself is associated with low 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels due to larger volume of distribution with increased body fat mass, and studies have confirmed the presence of fat-soluble vitamin D in human adipose tissue. Massive weight loss after gastric bypass surgery is associated with an increase in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels; however, the effect is small, and thus supplementati...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 29, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Imaging Mechanical Muscle–Bone Relationships: How to See the Invisible
Abstract The ontogenetic adaptation of bones to their habitual loads offers a rationale for imaging muscle–bone relationships. Provided that bones adapt to strains that are chiefly determined by muscle contractions, information from muscle and bone scans allows comparing measures of bone stiffness and strength with surrogate measures for muscular force generation. Prediction of the mechanical behavior of bone is nowadays well possible by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). However, prediction of muscle forces is not currently feasible. pQCT offers the opportunity to outline gross musc...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research