Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis Using Body CT Scans Obtained for Other Indications: the UW Experience
AbstractLow bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) leading to fragility fractures is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in our aging population. This condition is grossly underdiagnosed due to both insufficient screening and its silent nature prior to complicating fragility fractures. Body CT scans are commonly obtained among older adults for a wide variety of indications and contain rich data regarding bone health that are often ignored. At the University of Wisconsin, we have sought to harness this CT information for “opportunistic” osteoporosis screening. In this article, we review the v...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 4, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis and the New ACR Guideline
AbstractGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) continues to be the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis because at any time about 1% of the adult population has been prescribed oral glucocorticoids. Surprisingly, there are relatively few treatment studies of GIOP, particularly of younger individuals including women of child bearing potential and children. Thus, recommendations for management of patients at risk for fracture or who have already suffered an osteoporotic fracture are often based more on clinical experience than randomized controlled trials. Nonetheless, organizations such as the American College of...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - July 31, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Metastasis from Solid Tumors: Biologic and Clinical State of the Art
AbstractBone metastases are a frequent and debilitating consequence for many tumors, of which breast, lung, prostate, and kidney cancer are the most common. The dialog among cancer cells, bone microenvironment, and immune system regulates bone metastasis formation. Indeed, bone and immune system are strictly linked to each other because bone regulates the hematopoietic stem cells from which all cells of the immune system derive. Many immunoregulatory cytokines influence the fate of bone cells and promote the growth of tumor cells in bone, contributing to sustain the vicious cycle of bone metastasis. Bone is an attractive s...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 29, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Bone Health in Parkinson ’s Disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor at rest, bradykinesia, rigidity, and loss of postural reflexes. Patients can also exhibit a plethora of non-motor symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. In the l ast years, a growing body of evidence has revealed that PD patients have relevant abnormalities in bone health. A substantial number of studies have shown that PD is associated with an increased risk of fractures, with low bone mineral density and with decreased vitamin D levels in serum. Osteoporos is in PD m...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 15, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Epigenome at the Crossroad Between Social Factors, Inflammation, and Osteoporosis Risk
AbstractBoth genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal disorders. Epidemiological studies have revealed an influence of a variety of social factors, including socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of osteoporosis. The mechanisms involved are complex and still incompletely elucidated. Nevertheless, a variety of clinical risk factors known to influence skeletal homeostasis have been reported as being socially patterned, including nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyles, among others. These factors may impact the skeleton through a variety of mechanisms. Among the...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - June 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Changing Profile of Hypercalcemia in Hospital Populations
In conclusion, the pattern of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients has changed considerably over the last five decades. Clinicians should be aware of these changing patterns so that appropriate diagnosis and treatment can be offered to the patients. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - May 11, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Role of Bone Remodelling in Maintaining and Restoring Bone Health: an Overview
AbstractAutocrine, paracrine and endocrine signals regulate the activities of cells involved in skeletal remodelling. Mapping of the metabolic pathways of bone cells and characterization of their chemical mediators have prompted the pharmaceutical industry to develop patented drugs and auto-antibodies which modulate the anabolic and catabolic activities in bone. This overview provides insight into the metabolic pathways which govern bone cells involved in bone metabolism as a framework for understanding the progress made in the pharmaceutical manipulation of skeletal health. (Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - April 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

The Epigenome at the Crossroad Between Social Factors, Inflammation, and Osteoporosis Risk
AbstractBoth genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal disorders. Epidemiological studies have revealed an influence of a variety of social factors, including socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of osteoporosis. The mechanisms involved are complex and still incompletely elucidated. Nevertheless, a variety of clinical risk factors known to influence skeletal homeostasis have been reported as being socially patterned, including nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyles, among others. These factors may impact the skeleton through a variety of mechanisms. Among the...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - March 17, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Osteoarthritis: More than Cartilage Degeneration
AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is nowadays considered as a global disease of the joint in which all articular structures are involved. Although articular cartilage is the primary target of the disease, both subchondral bone (SB) and synovium are structures that actively participate at the onset and in the progression of the disease. The relationship between these three structures is variable and mutable according to their evolution and the initial triggers. Pathogenic mechanisms will also vary depending on the predominant phenotype of OA in each patient. In this review, we emphasize the role of synovial membrane and SB in the...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 15, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Osteocytes and Their Messengers as Targets for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
AbstractOsteocytes, the most abundant cells in the bone, orchestrate the function of osteoblasts and osteocytes to control physiological bone homeostasis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that alteration of osteocyte function underlies the pathophysiology of several skeletal disorders, and that therapeutic targeting of factors produced by these cells improves skeletal health. Despite the advances in the knowledge of osteocyte biology, the contribution of these cells to the damaging effects of cancer in bone is practically unknown. Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the presence of skeletal lesi...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - February 2, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Clinical and Genetic Advances in Paget ’s Disease of Bone: a Review
AbstractPaget ’s disease of bone (PDB) is the second most common metabolic bone disorder, after osteoporosis. It is characterised by focal areas of increased and disorganised bone turnover, coupled with increased bone formation. This disease usually appears in the late stages of life, being slightly more freque nt in men than in women. It has been reported worldwide, but primarily affects individuals of British descent. Majority of PDB patients are asymptomatic, but clinical manifestations include pain, bone deformity and complications, like pathological fractures and deafness. The causes of the disease ar e poorly under...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - December 18, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Hypophosphatasia: Review of Bone Mineral Metabolism, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment
AbstractHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited form of rickets or osteomalacia due to reduced activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) caused by a loss of function mutation in the TNSALP gene marked by a low serum alkaline phosphatase. The ratio of PPi to Pi is crucial in the mineralization process. This process is regulated by the interaction of three phosphatases present in matrix vesicles: the mineralization promotors TNSALP and phosphatase orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1) and the mineralization inhibitor nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1). HPP is seen worldwide affecting all races. The b...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - November 30, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Synchrotron Imaging Assessment of Bone Quality
AbstractBone is a complex hierarchical structure, and its principal function is to resist mechanical forces and fracture. Bone strength depends not only on the quantity of bone tissue but also on the shape and hierarchical structure. The hierarchical levels are interrelated, especially the micro-architecture, collagen and mineral components; hence, analysis of their specific roles in bone strength and stiffness is difficult. Synchrotron imaging technologies including micro-CT and small/wide angle X-ray scattering/diffraction are becoming increasingly popular for studying bone because the images can resolve deformations in ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 6, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Erratum to: Locomotive Syndrome: Definition and Management
(Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism)
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - September 5, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of Drugs on Bone Quality
AbstractThe term bone quality refers to factors that define bone mechanical strength and hence its fracture risk, either inclusive or exclusive of the quantity of mineralized tissue present. These factors include: bone size, density, shape (microarchitecture, geometry, remodeling cavity number size and distribution), porosity, mineral and collagen distribution and alignment, amount and distribution of microdamage, mineral composition, collagen cross-linking and other material properties. In this review, we will consider how pharmaceuticals used to treat osteoporosis (anabolic and catabolic agents) and those used for other ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism - August 23, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Source Type: research