Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin- α: a narrative review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 16:e0003923. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYRifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent saf...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Herbert L DuPont Source Type: research
The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin- α: a narrative review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 16:e0003923. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYRifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent saf...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Herbert L DuPont Source Type: research
The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin- α: a narrative review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 16:e0003923. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYRifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent saf...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Herbert L DuPont Source Type: research
Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 15:e0005723. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00057-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-z...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Faraz Ahmad Nikhil Deshmukh Aaron Webel Sandra Johnson Ayman Suleiman Rajiv R Mohan Frederick Fraunfelder Pawan Kumar Singh Source Type: research
Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update
This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.PMID:37966222 | DOI:10.1128/cmr.00013-23 (Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews)
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Divyadarshini Angamuthu Sandhya Vivekanandan Luke Elizabeth Hanna Source Type: research
Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 15:e0005723. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00057-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-z...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Faraz Ahmad Nikhil Deshmukh Aaron Webel Sandra Johnson Ayman Suleiman Rajiv R Mohan Frederick Fraunfelder Pawan Kumar Singh Source Type: research
Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update
This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.PMID:37966222 | DOI:10.1128/cmr.00013-23 (Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews)
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Divyadarshini Angamuthu Sandhya Vivekanandan Luke Elizabeth Hanna Source Type: research
Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 15:e0005723. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00057-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-z...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Faraz Ahmad Nikhil Deshmukh Aaron Webel Sandra Johnson Ayman Suleiman Rajiv R Mohan Frederick Fraunfelder Pawan Kumar Singh Source Type: research
Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update
This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.PMID:37966222 | DOI:10.1128/cmr.00013-23 (Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews)
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Divyadarshini Angamuthu Sandhya Vivekanandan Luke Elizabeth Hanna Source Type: research
Human strongyloidiasis: complexities and pathways forward
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 8:e0003323. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00033-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYStrongyloidiasis is a World Health Organization neglected tropical disease usually caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, a parasitic worm with a complex life cycle. Globally, 300-600 million people are infected through contact with fecally contaminated soil. An autoinfective component of the life cycle can lead to chronic infection that may be asymptomatic or cause long-term symptoms, including malnourishment in children. Low larval output can limit the sensitivity of detection in stool, with serology being effective but...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dora Buonfrate Richard S Bradbury Matthew R Watts Zeno Bisoffi Source Type: research
Invasive fusariosis
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 8:e0015922. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00159-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYInvasive fusariosis is a serious invasive fungal disease, affecting immunocompetent and, more frequently, immunocompromised patients. Localized disease is the typical clinical form in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised hosts at elevated risk of developing invasive fusariosis are patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapeutic regimens for remission induction, and those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. In this setting, the infection is usually disseminated with positive blood cultures...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Marcio Nucci Elias Anaissie Source Type: research
< em > Klebsiella pneumoniae < /em > carbapenemase variants: the new threat to global public health
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 8:e0000823. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00008-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYKlebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) variants, which refer to the substitution, insertion, or deletion of amino acid sequence compared to wild blaKPC type, have reduced utility of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), a pioneer antimicrobial agent in treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections. So far, more than 150 blaKPC variants have been reported worldwide, and most of the new variants were discovered in the past 3 years, which calls for public alarm. The KPC variant protein enhances the affinity to ceftaz...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Li Ding Siquan Shen Jing Chen Zhen Tian Qingyu Shi Renru Han Yan Guo Fupin Hu Source Type: research
Human strongyloidiasis: complexities and pathways forward
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 8:e0003323. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00033-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYStrongyloidiasis is a World Health Organization neglected tropical disease usually caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, a parasitic worm with a complex life cycle. Globally, 300-600 million people are infected through contact with fecally contaminated soil. An autoinfective component of the life cycle can lead to chronic infection that may be asymptomatic or cause long-term symptoms, including malnourishment in children. Low larval output can limit the sensitivity of detection in stool, with serology being effective but...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 8, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dora Buonfrate Richard S Bradbury Matthew R Watts Zeno Bisoffi Source Type: research
