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Non- faecium non- faecalis enterococci: a review of clinical manifestations, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2024 Mar 11:e0012123. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00121-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYEnterococci are a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that are typically found as commensals in humans, animals, and the environment. Occasionally, they may cause clinically relevant diseases such as endocarditis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. The majority of clinical infections in humans are caused by two species: Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. However, there is an increasing number of clinical infections caused by non-faecium non-faecalis (NFF) enterococci. Although ...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - March 11, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christopher A Mullally Marhami Fahriani Shakeel Mowlaboccus Geoffrey W Coombs Source Type: research

Challenges for global antibiotic regimen planning and establishing antimicrobial resistance targets: implications for the WHO Essential Medicines List and AWaRe antibiotic book dosing
We present solutions to enable the development of global evidence-based antibiotic dosing guidance that provides adequate treatment in the context of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and, moreover, minimizes the emergence of resistance.PMID:38436564 | DOI:10.1128/cmr.00139-23 (Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews)
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - March 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nada Reza Alessandro Gerada Katharine E Stott Alex Howard Mike Sharland William Hope Source Type: research

 Clostridioides difficile infection: history, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future options
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2024 Feb 29:e0013523. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00135-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the major issues in nosocomial infections. This bacterium is constantly evolving and poses complex challenges for clinicians, often encountered in real-life scenarios. In the face of CDI, we are increasingly equipped with new therapeutic strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies and live biotherapeutic products, which need to be thoroughly understood to fully harness their benefits. Moreover, interesting options are currently under study for the future, including bacte...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - February 29, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Stefano Di Bella Gianfranco Sanson Jacopo Monticelli Verena Zerbato Luigi Principe Mauro Giuffr è Giuseppe Pipitone Roberto Luzzati Source Type: research

Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2024 Feb 29:e0007323. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00073-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYViral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic and physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity of disease, and vertical transmission. The placenta is the organ of the maternal-fetal interface and provides defense against microbial infection while supporting the semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, and rubella virus, can breach ...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - February 29, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patrick S Creisher Sabra L Klein Source Type: research