Diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 28:e0015622. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00156-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYCryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in people with advanced HIV disease. Cryptococcal meningitis is responsible for nearly 20% of all deaths related to advanced HIV disease, with the burden of disease predominantly experienced by people in resource-limited countries. Major advancements in diagnostics have introduced low-cost, easy-to-use antigen tests with remarkably high sensitivity and specificity. These tests have led to improved diagnostic accuracy and are esse...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 28, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Thomas C McHale David R Boulware John Kasibante Kenneth Ssebambulidde Caleb P Skipper Mahsa Abassi Source Type: research
Diagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 28:e0015622. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00156-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYCryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in people with advanced HIV disease. Cryptococcal meningitis is responsible for nearly 20% of all deaths related to advanced HIV disease, with the burden of disease predominantly experienced by people in resource-limited countries. Major advancements in diagnostics have introduced low-cost, easy-to-use antigen tests with remarkably high sensitivity and specificity. These tests have led to improved diagnostic accuracy and are esse...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 28, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Thomas C McHale David R Boulware John Kasibante Kenneth Ssebambulidde Caleb P Skipper Mahsa Abassi Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant < em > Staphylococcus aureus < /em > lineages
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 20:e0014822. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages acr...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 20, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jhih-Hang Jiang David R Cameron Cara Nethercott Marta Aires-de-Sousa Anton Y Peleg Source Type: research
The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin- α: a narrative review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 16:e0003923. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYRifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent saf...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Herbert L DuPont Source Type: research
The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin- α: a narrative review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 16:e0003923. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYRifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent saf...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Herbert L DuPont Source Type: research
The potential for development of clinically relevant microbial resistance to rifaximin- α: a narrative review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 16:e0003923. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00039-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYRifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent saf...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 16, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Herbert L DuPont Source Type: research
Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 15:e0005723. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00057-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-z...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Faraz Ahmad Nikhil Deshmukh Aaron Webel Sandra Johnson Ayman Suleiman Rajiv R Mohan Frederick Fraunfelder Pawan Kumar Singh Source Type: research
Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update
This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.PMID:37966222 | DOI:10.1128/cmr.00013-23 (Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews)
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Divyadarshini Angamuthu Sandhya Vivekanandan Luke Elizabeth Hanna Source Type: research
Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023 Nov 15:e0005723. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00057-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSUMMARYGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-z...
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Faraz Ahmad Nikhil Deshmukh Aaron Webel Sandra Johnson Ayman Suleiman Rajiv R Mohan Frederick Fraunfelder Pawan Kumar Singh Source Type: research
Experimental models for HIV latency and molecular tools for reservoir quantification-an update
This article provides a comprehensive review of the in vitro and in vivo models currently available for studying HIV latency as well as the recently developed molecular tools for detection and quantification of latent viral reservoirs.PMID:37966222 | DOI:10.1128/cmr.00013-23 (Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews)
Source: Clinical Microbiology Reviews - November 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Divyadarshini Angamuthu Sandhya Vivekanandan Luke Elizabeth Hanna Source Type: research
