Oncogenic signaling-mediated regulation of chromatin during tumorigenesis
AbstractSignaling pathways play critical roles in executing and controlling important biological processes within cells. Cells/organisms trigger appropriate signal transduction pathways in order to turn on or off intracellular gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. An orchestrated regulation of different signaling pathways across different organs and tissues is the basis of many important biological functions. Presumably, any malfunctions or dysregulation of these signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of disease, particularly cancer. In this review, we discuss how the dysregulation of signaling p...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer
AbstractFor individuals with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the primary treatment is platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primarily PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, have been found to be effective in patients with NSCLC who have no EGFR/ALK mutations. Furthermore, ICIs are considered a standard therapy. The quantity of fresh immunogenic antigens discovered by cytotoxic T cells was measured by PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), which were the first biomarkers assessed in clinical trials. However, immunotherapy did not have response efficacy markers simi...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Oncohistones and disrupted development in pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma
AbstractRecurrent, clonal somatic mutations in histone H3 are molecular hallmarks that distinguish the genetic mechanisms underlying pediatric and adult high-grade glioma (HGG), define biological subgroups of diffuse glioma, and highlight connections between cancer, development, and epigenetics. These oncogenic mutations in histones, now termed “oncohistones”, were discovered through genome-wide sequencing of pediatric diffuse high-grade glioma. Up to 80% of diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and diffuse glioma arising in other midline structures including thalamus or spinal...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 29, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
(mis)-Targeting of SWI/SNF complex(es) in cancer
AbstractThe ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF (also called BAF) is critical for the regulation of gene expression. During the evolution from yeast to mammals, the BAF complex has evolved an enormous complexity that contains a high number of subunits encoded by various genes. Emerging studies highlight the frequent involvement of altered mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes in human cancers. Here, we discuss the recent advances in determining the structure of SWI/SNF complexes, highlight the mechanisms by which mutations affecting these complexes promote cancer, and describe the promising emergi...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 24, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis: genomic evolution and crosstalk with the liver microenvironment
AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) patients frequently develop liver metastases, which are the major cause of cancer-related mortality. The molecular basis and management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) remain a challenging clinical issue. Recent genomic evidence has demonstrated the liver tropism of CRC and the presence of a stricter evolutionary bottleneck in the liver as a target organ compared to lymph nodes. This bottleneck challenging CRC cells in the liver is organ-specific and requires adaptation not only at the genetic level, but also at the phenotypic level to crosstalk with the hepatic microenvironment. Here...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Oncogenic super-enhancers in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic targets
AbstractActivation of oncogenes to sustain proliferative signaling and initiate metastasis are important hallmarks of cancer. Oncogenes are amplified or overexpressed in cancer cells and overexpression is often controlled at the level of transcription. Gene expression is tightly controlled by many cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors. Large clusters of enhancers known as “super-enhancers” drive robust expression of cell-fate determining transcription factors in cell identity. Cancer cells can take advantage of super-enhancers and become transcriptionally addicted to them leading to tumorigenesis and metasta...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 14, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for melanoma therapy: The more, the better?
AbstractThe approval of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) in recent years significantly improved the treatment management and survival of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. CPI aim to counter-act receptor-mediated inhibitory effects of tumor cells and immunomodulatory cell types on effector T cells, whereas MAPKi are intended to inhibit tumor cell survival. In agreement with these complementary modes of action preclinical data indicated that the combined application of CPI and MAPKi or their optimal sequencing might provide additional clinical benefit. In thi...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Considerations for modelling diffuse high-grade gliomas and developing clinically relevant therapies
AbstractDiffuse high-grade
gliomas contain some of the most dangerous human cancers that lack curative treatment options. The recent molecular stratification of gliomas by the World Health Organisation in 2021 is expected to improve outcomes for patients in neuro-oncology through the development of treatments targeted to specific tumour types. Despite this promise, research is hindered by the lack of preclinical modelling platforms capable of recapitulating the heterogeneity and cellular phenotypes of tumours residing in their native human brain microenvironment. The microenvironment provides cues to subsets of glioma c...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The tumor-nerve circuit in breast cancer
In conclusion, the further research in breast cancer and its interactions with innervated neurons or neurotransmitters is promising in the clinical management of breast cancer. (Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - March 31, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Oral delivery of RNAi for cancer therapy
AbstractCancer is a major health concern worldwide and is still in a continuous surge of seeking for effective treatments. Since the discovery of RNAi and their mechanism of action, it has shown promises in targeted therapy for various diseases including cancer. The ability of RNAi to selectively silence the carcinogenic gene makes them ideal as cancer therapeutics. Oral delivery is the ideal route of administration of drug administration because of its patients ’ compliance and convenience. However, orally administered RNAi, for instance, siRNA, must cross various extracellular and intracellular biological barriers befo...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - March 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Tumor dormancy and disease recurrence
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - March 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Biography —Dr. David Gewirtz
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - March 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Nanoparticle-mediated cancer cell therapy: basic science to clinical applications
AbstractEvery sixth person in the world dies due to cancer, making it the second leading severe cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. According to WHO, cancer claimed nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. The most common types of cancers reported have been breast (lung, colon and rectum, prostate cases), skin (non-melanoma) and stomach. In addition to surgery, the most widely used traditional types of anti-cancer treatment are radio- and chemotherapy. However, these do not distinguish between normal and malignant cells. Additional treatment methods have evolved over time for early detection and targeted therapy of canc...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - February 24, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Regulation of dormancy during tumor dissemination: the role of the ECM
AbstractThe study of the metastatic cascade has revealed the complexity of the process and the multiple cellular states that disseminated cancer cells must go through. The tumor microenvironment and in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in regulating the transition from invasion, dormancy to ultimately proliferation during the metastatic cascade. The time delay from primary tumor detection to metastatic growth is regulated by a molecular program that maintains disseminated tumor cells in a non-proliferative, quiescence state known as tumor cell dormancy. Identifying dormant cells and their ni...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - February 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Preface
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - February 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
