Platelets as messengers of early-stage cancer
AbstractPlatelets have an important role in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. The reciprocal interaction between cancer and platelets results in changes of several platelet characteristics. It is becoming clear that analysis of these platelet features could offer a new strategy in the search for biomarkers of cancer. Here, we review the human studies in which platelet characteristics (e.g., count, volume, protein, and mRNA content) are investigated in early-stage cancer. The main focus of this paper is to evaluate which platelet features are suitable for the development of a blood test that could detect cancer in...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - June 1, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Biography - James E. Talmadge
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - June 1, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence —cogito, ergo sum
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 24, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Informing the new developments and future of cancer immunotherapy
AbstractThe application of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) in reinforcing anti-tumor immunity in response to carcinogenesis and metastasis has shown promising advances, along with new therapeutic challenges, in the landscape of cancer care. To promote tumor growth and metastasis, cancer cells aim to manipulate their microenvironment by mediating a crosstalk with various immune cells through the secretion of chemokines, cytokines, and other associated factors. Understanding this crosstalk is the key to discovering the best targets for improved immunotherapies and clinical strategies in cancer treatment. Here, we review the tumor...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 18, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Preface
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 11, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The multifaceted roles of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 in osteophilic metastatic cancers
AbstractBreast and prostate cancers have a great propensity to metastasize to long bones. The development of bone metastases is life-threatening, incurable, and drastically reduces patients ’ quality of life. The chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 and their respective receptors, CCR2 and CXCR4, are central instigators involved in all stages leading to cancer cell dissemination and secondary tumor formation in distant target organs. They orchestrate tumor cell survival, growth and migration, tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and the formation of micrometastases in the bone marrow. The bone niche is of particular importance in meta...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 11, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Prognostic and therapeutic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes in breast cancer
AbstractIncreased levels of total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are generally associated with good prognosis in several breast cancer subtypes. Subtypes of TILs impact both tumor cells and immune cells in a variety of different ways, leading to either a pro-tumor or antitumor effect. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells perform as effector cells against tumor cells and are associated with better clinical outcome. Immunotherapy approaches that improve the antitumor activity and proliferation of CD8+ T and NK cells include PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, CAR T cell therapy, orex vivo-stimulated NK cells...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 7, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The comprehensive landscape of miR-34a in cancer research
AbstractMicroRNA-34 (miR-34) plays central roles in human diseases, especially cancers. Inactivation of miR-34 is detected in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues versus normal controls, implying its potential tumor-suppressive effect. Clinically, miR-34 has been identified as promising prognostic indicators for various cancers. In fact, members of the miR-34 family, especially miR-34a, have been convincingly proved to affect almost the whole cancer progression process. Here, a total of 512 (miR-34a, 10/21), 85 (miR-34b, 10/16), and 114 (miR-34c, 10/14) putative targets of miR-34a/b/c are predicted by at least ten miRNA dat...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 6, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity
AbstractChemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful ...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - May 6, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a review of current and emerging therapies
AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms arising from the interstitial cell of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Two thirds of GIST in adult patients havec-Kit mutation and smaller fractions have platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutation. Surgery is the only curative treatment for localized disease. Imatinib improves survival when used adjuvantly and in advanced disease. Several targeted therapies have also improved survival in GIST patients after progression on imatinib including sunitinib and regorafenib. Recently, United States Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) appro...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 19, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Rethinking the biology of metastatic melanoma: a holistic approach
AbstractOver the past decades, melanoma-related mortality has remained nearly stable. The main reason is treatment failure of metastatic disease and the inherently linked knowledge gap regarding metastasis formation. In order to elicit invasion, melanoma cells manipulate the tumor microenvironment, gain motility, and adhere to the extracellular matrix and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Melanoma cells thereby express different cell adhesion molecules like laminins, integrins, N-cadherin, and others. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is physiological during embryologic development, but reactivated during malignancy. De...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 19, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Correction to: Anti-cancer strategies targeting the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor axis: is there a path forward?
A Correction to this paper has been published:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-021-09966-2 (Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 16, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
MHC heterogeneity and response of metastases to immunotherapy
AbstractIn recent years, immunotherapy has proven to be an effective treatment against cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes perform an important role in this anti-tumor immune response, recognizing cancer cells as foreign, through the presentation of tumor antigens by MHC class I molecules. However, tumors and metastases develop escape mechanisms for evading this immunosurveillance and may lose the expression of these polymorphic molecules to become invisible to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In other situations, they may maintain MHC class I expression and promote immunosuppression of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, the analysis...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 15, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Emerging roles for myeloid immune cells in bone metastasis
AbstractMetastasis, especially bone metastasis, is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, which is associated with long-term pain due to skeletal-related events and poor quality of life. Tumor cells alter the bone microenvironment through aberrant activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts which induces bone osteolysis and release of growth factors leading to cancer growth. Though this phenomenon has been well characterized, bone-targeted therapies have shown little improvement in patient survival. Recent evidence indicates a growing appreciation for the complex bone environment, in addition to bone-remodeling stromal cell...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 14, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer
AbstractExosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibili...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - April 14, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
