The effect of obesity on adipose-derived stromal cells and adipose tissue and their impact on cancer
AbstractThe significant increase in the incidence of obesity represents the next global health crisis. As a result, scientific research has focused on gaining deeper insights into obesity and adipose tissue biology. As a result of the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, obesity results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy within the adipose tissue. The functional alterations in the adipose tissue are a confounding contributing factor to many diseases, including cancer. The increased incidence and aggressiveness of several cancers, including colorectal, postmenopausal breast, endometrial, prostate, esophageal, hematologic...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating
AbstractObesity and the associated metabolic syndrome is considered a pandemic whose prevalence is steadily increasing in many countries worldwide. It is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial disorder that presages the development of several metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, and increases the risk of cancer. In patients with newly diagnosed cancer, obesity worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of recurrence and dec reasing survival. The multiple negative effects of obesity on cancer outcomes are substantial, and of great clinical importance. Strategies for weight control have potential utilit...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 19, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Correction to: The gut microbiome, immune check point inhibition and immune ‑related adverse events in non‑small cell lung cancer
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 19, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
p73 isoforms meet evolution of metastasis
AbstractCancer largely adheres to Darwinian selection. Evolutionary forces are prominent during metastasis, the final and incurable disease stage, where cells acquire combinations of advantageous phenotypic features and interact with a dynamically changing microenvironment, in order to overcome the metastatic bottlenecks, while therapy exerts additional selective pressures. As a strategy to increase their fitness, tumors often co-opt developmental and tissue-homeostasis programs. Herein, 25 years after its discovery, we reviewTP73, a sibling of the cardinal tumor-suppressorTP53, through the lens of cancer evolution. TheT...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 11, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The adipocyte microenvironment and cancer
AbstractMany epithelial tumors grow in the vicinity of or metastasize to adipose tissue. As tumors develop, crosstalk between adipose tissue and cancer cells leads to changes in adipocyte function and paracrine signaling, promoting a microenvironment that supports tumor growth. Over the last decade, it became clear that tumor cells co-opt adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment, converting them into cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA). As adipocytes and cancer cells engage, a metabolic symbiosis ensues that is driven by bi-directional signaling. Many cancers (colon, breast, prostate, lung, ovarian cancer, and hematologic m...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 8, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Clinical interventions to break the obesity and cancer link: a narrative review
AbstractExcess body weight is a significant risk factor for the development and recurrence of many types of cancer. Patients with a history or current diagnosis of cancer who are overweight or have obesity have an increased risk of cancer treatment-related morbidity, recurrence, and decreased quality of life. Weight loss and maintenance of a healthy body weight may reduce cancer morbidity and recurrence in cancer survivors. While guidelines for cancer survivorship elaborate sufficiently on lifestyle interventions, little guidance is provided when considering additional therapies like anti-obesity pharmacotherapy or bariatr...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 6, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
White adipose tissue-derived factors and prostate cancer progression: mechanisms and targets for interventions
AbstractObesity represents an important risk factor for prostate cancer, driving more aggressive disease, chemoresistance, and increased mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT) overgrowth in obesity is central to the mechanisms that lead to these clinical observations. Adipose stromal cells (ASCs), the progenitors to mature adipocytes and other cell types in WAT, play a vital role in driving PCa aggressiveness. ASCs produce numerous factors, especially chemokines, including the chemokine CXCL12, which is involved in driving EMT and chemoresistance in PCa. A greater understanding of the impact of WAT in obesity-induced progre...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 4, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The multifaceted mechanisms of malignant glioblastoma progression and clinical implications
Abstract With the application of high throughput sequencing technologies at single-cell resolution, studies of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and invasive of all cancers, have revealed immense cellular and tissue heterogeneity. A unique extracellular scaffold system adapts to and supports progressive infiltration and migration of tumor cells, which is characterized by altered composition, effector delivery, and mechanical properties. The spatiotemporal interactions between malignant and immune cells generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, contributing to the failure of effe...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - August 3, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The timing of adiposity and changes in the life course on the risk of cancer
AbstractExcess body weight has been established as a risk factor for at least twelve cancer sites, though questions remain as to the timing of associations for adiposity and cancer risk throughout the life course. We conducted a narrative review summarizing existing evidence to provide insights into the complex timing relationship between adiposity and risk of seven common obesity-related cancers. We considered five types of studies, including traditional epidemiologic studies ex amining adiposity at different time points, studies examining weight gain in specific life phases, studies examining weight loss over a period ...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - July 30, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Preface
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - July 27, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The gut microbiome, immune check point inhibition and immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer
AbstractSystemic treatment options for patients with lung cancer have expanded in recent years, with a number of immunotherapeutic strategies now in our treatment armamentarium. Toxicity of and resistance to treatment hold a major stake in lung cancer morbidity and mortality. Herein, we summarise the background, current evidence and potential mechanisms underlying the role of the commensal gut microbiota in immunotherapy outcomes such as response and toxicity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - July 25, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer
AbstractObesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesi...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - July 23, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Obesity and cancer
(Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews)
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - July 9, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Role of Neuropilin-2-mediated signaling axis in cancer progression and therapy resistance
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane proteins involved in vascular and nervous system development by regulating angiogenesis and axon guidance cues. Several published reports have established their role in tumorigenesis. NRPs are detectable in tumor cells of several cancer types and participate in cancer progression. NRP2 is also expressed in endothelial and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and promotes functions such as lymphangiogenesis and immune suppression important for cancer progression. In this review, we have taken a comprehensive approach to discussing various aspects of NRP2-signaling in ca...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - July 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Mechanisms behind context-dependent role of glucocorticoids in breast cancer progression
AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs), mostly dexamethasone (dex), are routinely administered as adjuvant therapy to manage side effects in breast cancer. However, recently, it has been revealed that dex triggers different effects and correlates with opposite outcomes depending on the breast cancer molecular subtype. This has raised new concerns regarding the generalized use of GC and suggested that the context-dependent effects of GCs can be taken into potential consideration during treatment design. Based on this, attention has recently been drawn to the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in development and progression of ...
Source: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews - June 27, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
