An unusual topographic relationship between high origin of superficial ulnar artery and bitendinous palmaris longus
AbstractThe ulnar artery usually arises from the brachial artery at the cubital fossa. It descends beneath the flexor carpi ulnaris in the forearm and then terminates at the wrist joint by forming the superficial palmar arch with the contributory radial artery. In the present study, we report a more proximal origin of ulnar artery presenting a superficial course in the lower portion of the upper extremity, termed superficial ulnar artery. Interestingly, this artery lies superficially to a bitendinous palmaris longus, a variant muscle in the forearm. The relation between arterial and muscular variations may be useful during...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Effect of age and sex on femoral curvature in the Japanese population: three-dimensional computed tomography findings
This study aimed to investigate femoral curvature in detail in Japanese individuals using three-dimensional computed tomography, evaluate its effects on the position of proximal femur, and assess differences in femoral curvature according to age and sex. We measured sagittal and coronal femoral bowing in 40 elderly (mean age 85.2 years) and 40 adult (mean age 30.1 years) Japanese individuals using computed tomography. In adult individuals, the radii of the femoral curvatures of the distal end and shaft in the coronal planes were significantly smaller in women than in men. In contrast, no significant difference was obser...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 4, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Prosaposin, a neurotrophic factor, protects neurons against kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity
AbstractProsaposin (PS) is the precursor of four sphingolipid activator proteins, saposin A –D. PS is both a precursor protein and a neuroprotective factor, and is up-regulated in response to excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA), a glutamate analogue. Excess glutamate release induces neuropathological disorders such as ischemia and seizure. Our group’s research revealed that PS i mmunoreactivity (IR) increased significantly in the hippocampal and cortical neurons on day 3 after KA injection, and high PS levels were maintained even after 3 weeks. The increase in PS, but not saposins, as detected by immunoblotting...
Source: Anatomical Science International - February 3, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anomalous atrium associated with persistent left superior vena cava
AbstractPersistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common venous anomaly with an incidence of 0.3 –0.5% in the general population. Here, we report a rare case of PLSVC with anomalous atrium in a cadaver during the student′s dissection session at the University of Tsukuba. In this case, the coronary sinus had merged with the right atrium to form an enlarged sac-like structure and received sys temic venous flow including inflow from the PLSVC. The roof of the coronary sinus with the right atrium was thicker than that of the control cases. We further found that the distance between the sinoatrial node and the ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 24, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Intra-skeletal vascular density in a bipedal hopping macropod with implications for analyses of rib histology
AbstractHuman ribs are thought to be less affected by mechanical strain at the microscopic level than limb bones, implying that rib remodelling better reflects bone physiological homeostasis. Here, we test the hypothesis that rib tissue will be well vascularized and thus enhance susceptibility to metabolic influe nce. An intra-skeletal comparison of bone vascular canal density was conducted using a macropod animal model adapted to bipedal habitual hopping. The right humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, a mid-thoracic and upper-thoracic rib of an eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) were sectione...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 22, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Imaging of spine synapses using super-resolution microscopy
AbstractNeuronal circuits in the neocortex and hippocampus are essential for higher brain functions such as motor learning and spatial memory. In the mammalian forebrain, most excitatory synapses of pyramidal neurons are formed on spines, which are tiny protrusions extending from the dendritic shaft. The spine contains specialized molecular machinery that regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity. Spine size correlates with the efficacy of synaptic transmission, and spine morphology affects signal transduction at the post-synaptic compartment. Plasticity-related changes in the structural and molecular organization of ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 18, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Surface anatomy and lumbar lordosis angle
This study was designed to verify whether the anatomical planes promote to the comprehension of surface anatomy and how the lumbar lordosis angle affects the vertebral level of the bifurcation of great vessels. This retrospective study was performed using computed tomography angiography images of 155 patients ranging from 18 up to 82 years. The vertebral levels of the celiac truncus, superior mesenteric artery, portal vein confluence, right and left renal arteries were within the transpyloric plane in 60%, 70%, 56.1% and 48.3–36.2% of patients, respectively. The inferior mesenteric artery was below the subcostal plane ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 16, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anatomic characterization of the tibial and fibular nutrient arteries in humans
In this study, we elucidated the origin and extra-osseous course of tibial and fibular nutrient arteries based on the 54 cadaveric legs. The tibial nutrient artery typically arose from the posterior tibial artery. Some of the tibial nutrient arteries arose from the anterior tibial, popliteal, and fibular arteries. The tibial nutrient artery arose from these parent arteries as a long descending branch. It penetrated the most proximal portion of the tibialis posterior or flexor digitorum longus to enter the tibial nutrient foramen. The fibular nutrient artery arose from the fibular artery as a short descending branch in all ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 16, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor1 , -2c , and -3c transcripts in mouse molars after tooth eruption
In this study, to examine dentin formation after tooth eruption involving secondary and tertiary dentin, we analyzed the expression patterns and expressing cells ofFgfr1,-2c, and-3c in mouse maxillary first molars (M1). Since it is difficult to recover the mRNAs from mineralized tissues, we tested methods for extraction after fixation and decalcification of teeth. We successfully obtained consistent results with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) usingβ-actin transcripts for validation. qPCR forDentin sialo phosphoprotein (Dspp),Fgfr1,-2c, and-3c transcripts was performed on mice at ages of 2 –20 weeks. The results show...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 12, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Common hepatic artery originating from superior mesenteric artery with replaced right hepatic artery
In conclusion, this case can be considered a rare case in which the replaced common hepatic artery and replaced right hepatic artery occurred simultaneously. The coexisting of these two replaced arteries suggests that the developmental processes to form these variations are independent. (Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 9, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
What comprises the plate-like structure between the pancreatic head and the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery? A proposal for the term “P–A ligament” based on anatomical findings
AbstractA plate-like structure is located posterior to the portal vein system, between the pancreatic head and roots and/or branches of two major arteries of the aorta: the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. We aimed to clarify the distribution and components of this plate-like structure. Macroscopic examination of the upper abdomen and histological examination of the plate-like structure were performed on 26 cadavers. The plate-like structure is connected to major arteries (aorta, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery) and the pancreatic head; it contains abundant fibrous bundles comprising nerves, vessels, c...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 8, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
External jugular vein pierced by supraclavicular branches in a neonatal cadaver: a case report
AbstractAnatomical variations in the venous structure and drainage patterns in the neck are not uncommon. However, this is the first known report on the external jugular vein being pierced by supraclavicular branches. In the lateral cervical region of a neonatal cadaver, the supraclavicular branches penetrated the external jugular vein superior to the clavicle, resulting in a circular venous channel formed around the nerve trunk. Variations such as these are important to note in order to minimize possible intra-operative complications sustained during surgical interventions such as venous catherization or nerve grafts. (So...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 8, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
A neurosurgical assessment of the blood supply in the optochiasmatic system: a cadaveric-anatomic study
AbstractThe chiasmal and subchiasmal surfaces are of critical importance in connection with the performance of surgical procedures owing to the critical blood supply to these areas. Recently, the perforating arteries providing the blood to the optic nerves and chiasm have gained attention as they significantly affect the morbidity from surgical approaches. Intraoperative preservation of these perforating arteries is considered critical to prevent further visual loss. Thirty autopsy specimens, including the optic apparatus, were examined for their perforating arteries feeding the optic chiasm and optic nerves. The optic ner...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 5, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Variation of pectineus muscle forming a hiatus
AbstractKnowledge of the anatomic variations in the pectineus muscle is important for vascular surgeons to minimize complications following surgical approach to the distal part of the deep femoral artery. During routine dissection of the thigh, variations in the bilateral pectineus muscles were identified in an 82-year-old male cadaver. On both sides, the superficial and deep layers of the pectineus were divided at its distal part, forming a triangular-shaped hiatus between them and the femur shaft. Distally, the tendon of the superficial part intermingled with the tendon of the adductor longus. The tendon of the deep part...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 5, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Regulation and dysregulation of spatial chromatin structure in the central nervous system
AbstractChromatin exists as a non-linear, “three-dimensional” structure in the nuclear space. The dynamic alteration of the chromatin structure leads to transcriptional changes during the formation of the neuronal network. Several studies providing evidence for the link between the dysregulation of spatial chromatin architecture and dev elopmental disorders have accumulated. Therefore, we studied and reviewed the regulation and dysregulation of 3D genome organization in the central nervous system, with a special focus on the cohesin complex that is crucial for the formation of the chromatin loop structure. This review ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - January 3, 2021 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
