What is a vulva?
AbstractWhat exactly is a vulva? The question remains unresolved. Some sources consider the clitoris, labia, mons pubis, perineum, or vagina to be components of the vulva, while other sources do not. Indeed, disagreement exists among international anatomical and clinical societies with regard to what precise structures form the human vulva. The obfuscation regarding the anatomy of the vulva and, likewise, inconsistencies in vulva-related anatomical terminology have adversely affected communication, research, and healthcare. Therefore, this review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis regarding the...
Source: Anatomical Science International - June 15, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Three-dimensional anatomical structure formed by granule cell layer and pyramidal cell layer in human hippocampus
AbstractIn the human hippocampus, the pyramidal layer consists of the inferior aspect of the hippocampus which is organized segmentally. Each segment, together with granule layer of the dentate gyrus, exhibits structural unity. In humans, ellipsoidal protrusions called pyramidal hillocks (PHs), which consist of a thick pyramidal cell layer (PL), are present in the inferior aspect of the hippocampus, and are segmentally organized along a longitudinal axis. It is also known that the granule cell layer (GL) of the dentate gyrus (DG) is not a smooth but undulated structure. However, the cytoarchitectural relationships between ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - June 4, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anatomical study of a human skull with multiple osteomas in a seventeenth-century Dutch still-life painting: bone morphology and artistic intention
This study analyzed a skull with abnormal tumors in a seventeenth-century Dutch still-life painting by a renowned artist, Edwaert Collier (ca. 1642–1708), from anatomical, forensic, and pathologic al perspectives. The morphology of the cranium and teeth indicated that the skull likely belonged to a middle-aged female. We carefully diagnosed the abnormal masses as multiple osteomas on the skull and left femur, based on clinical studies and paleopathological literature, which reported lesions w ith a similar appearance to those observed in Collier’s work. Furthermore, detailed observations of the cranial sutures and epip...
Source: Anatomical Science International - June 2, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
The Corona mortis is similar in size to the regular obturator artery, but is highly variable at the level of origin: an anatomical study
AbstractAn enlarged anastomosis connecting the vascular territory of the external iliac and the obturator artery may replace most or all of the latter. This relatively common vascular variation, known asCorona mortis, can lead to death in the worst-case scenario if injured. Despite being well-known, exact anthropometric data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine diameters of the regular obturator artery, theCorona mortis and the inferior epigastric artery. In addition, the level of origin of theCorona mortis was quantified. The obturator artery and its norm variants were dissected bilaterally in 75 specim...
Source: Anatomical Science International - June 2, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Guidelines for cadaver dissection in education and research of clinical medicine (The Japan Surgical Society and The Japanese Association of Anatomists)
This article translates the guidelines for cadaver surgical training (CST) published in 2012 by Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and Japanese Association of Anatomists from Japanese to English. These guidelines are based on Japanese laws and enable the usage of donated cadavers for CST and clinical research. The following are the conditions to implement the activities outlined in the guidelines. The aim is to improve medicine and to contribute to social welfare. Activities should only be carried out at medical or dental universities under the centralized control by the department of anatomy under the regulation of Japanese law...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 24, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Hic gaudent mortui viventes docere
(Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 24, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Comparison of the retrosplenial cortex size between the degu (Octodon degus) and the Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)
AbstractThe degu (Octodon degus) is a rodent that normally constructs burrows for nesting and rearing. To navigate inside these burrows, degus may use idiothetic and/or sensory cues more than visual information, which is less effective in burrows. Spatial information for navigation is processed in several key brain regions including the retrosplenial cortex (RS). However, the structural characteristics of the degu RS have not been previously reported. The present study measured the sizes of the RS and constituent areas 29 and 30 in the degu, and compared these to those found in the rat, which is a terrestrial rodent. The p...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 15, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Ethical perspectives on the Japanese guidelines for cadaver surgical training (CST)
AbstractCadaver surgical training (CST), which aims to maintain patient safety, provided anatomists with new duties and increased their workload. In Japan, with development of relevant guidelines, CST programs have been implemented and promoted mainly by surgical societies. This paper examines ethics of and anatomists ’ attitude toward the Japanese CST guidelines. The guidelines were well established to ensure that ethical issues such as financial exploitation and commercialism involved in procurement of cadavers for training do not emerge, as these can create the dilemma of how to allocate cadavers for undergr aduate ed...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 9, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Updates on cadaver surgical training in Japan: a systematic facility at Chiba University
AbstractCadaver surgical training (CST), which ensures medical safety by improving the skills of surgeons, is popular overseas. However, training involves ethical issues given the use of cadavers. In 2012, the Japan Surgical Society and the Japanese Association of Anatomists compiled and opened the “Guidelines for Cadaver Dissection in Education and Research of Clinical Medicine (Guideline 2012)” to the public. This has allowed Japan to conduct CST or research under the regulations of Postmortem Examination and Corpse Preservation Act and the Body Donation Act. However, its dissemination has been sluggish. The Clinica...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 6, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
The potential anti-osteoporotic effect of exercise —induced increased preptin level in ovariectomized rats
AbstractOsteoporosis increases bone fragility and fractures. Preptin hormone is regulated by moderate exercise training and increases bone formation. Therefore, this study was conducted to see how estradiol administration and moderate exercise training affected osteoporotic changes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To achieve this aim, 36 healthy adult female Wistar albino rats were randomized into Sham, OVX, ovariectomized estradiol-treated (OVX + E) (OVX + E rats were treated using subcutaneous estradiol benzoate 2.5 μg/kg body weight/day), ovariectomized practicing moderate exercise training, ovariectomized estr...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 4, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Training on skin flap elevation in hand surgery using cadavers embalmed by the saturated salt solution method: effectiveness and usefulness
This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of such training and to validate the suitability of saturated salt solution-embalmed cadavers for hand surgery training. Participants were trained in elevation procedures for the oblique triangular, reverse digital artery, reverse radial forearm, and reverse dorsal metacarpal artery flaps. Forty-eight surgeons participated in three seminars (one held in 2017, 2018, and 2019 each). A self-assessment of the participants ’ confidence levels for their surgical skills was performed before and immediately after the seminar, and the suitability of saturated salt solution-embalmed cada...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 28, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Formalin-free soft embalming of human cadavers using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone: perspectives for cadaver surgical training and medical device development
AbstractThe traditional apprenticeship approach to surgical skill education for young surgeons has drastically changed to more systematic surgical training using cadavers. Cadavers fixed with formalin are not suitable for surgical training because of their associated health hazards and overhardening. Recently, we established a formalin-free soft preservation method for human cadavers usingN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Since 2012, 61 cadavers have been embalmed with pyrrolidone in our institution. Tissues of pyrrolidone-embalmed cadavers are soft and pliable, and their bodies can be preserved for as long as 37 months without any...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 22, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Depletion of Ift88 in thymic epithelial cells affects thymic synapse and T-cell differentiation in aged mice
AbstractPrimary cilia are ubiquitous hair-like organelles, usually projecting from the cell surface. They are essential for the organogenesis and homeostasis of various physiological functions, and their dysfunction leads to a plethora of human diseases. However, there are few reports on the role of primary cilia in the immune system; therefore, we focused on their role in the thymus that nurtures immature lymphocytes to full-fledged T cells. We detected primary cilia on the thymic epithelial cell (TEC) expressing transforming growth factorβ (TGF-β) receptor in the basal body, and established a line of an intraflagellar ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 18, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Usage of cadavers in surgical training and research in Japan over the past decade
This study analyzed data obtained in 2012 –2021 through the reporting system of the JSS-CST Promotion Committee to map the usage of cadavers for clinical purposes, specifically education and R&D, in Japan. We found that the number of medical universities using cadavers for CST and R&D programs was just 5 in 2012, and it reached 38 for the decade. Thus, about half of Japan ’s medical universities implemented such programs over the period. Meanwhile, the total number of programs was 1,173. In the clinical field, the highest number of programs were implemented in orthopedics (27%), followed by surgery (21%), and n...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 5, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
