Whereof one cannot see, thereof one must be silent
(Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 26, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Dissection, digitization, and three-dimensional modelling: a high-fidelity anatomical visualization and imaging technology
AbstractTechnological advances have enabled the development of a novel technique of dissection, digitization and three-dimensional modelling of skeletal muscle and other tissues including neurovascular structures as in situ over the last 25 years. Meticulous serial dissection followed by digitization is used to collect Cartesian coordinate data of the contractile and connective tissue elements throughout the entire muscle volume. The Cartesian coordinate can then be used to construct high-fidelity three-dimensional models that captur e the spatial arrangement of the contractile and connective tissue elements as in situ e...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 15, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Collateral projections from the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta to the nucleus accumbens and insular cortex in the rat
AbstractMidbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) regions including ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are involved in diverse brain functions. Previous studies demonstrated that the VTA/SNc to nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway is critical in reward and motivation. Moreover, DAergic innervations within the insular cortex (IC) are reported to play important roles in pain regulation. To investigate whether VTA/SNc sends collateral projections to NAc and IC, we injected retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the NAc and Fluorescent retrograde tracer beads (RetroBeads) into the ipsilateral IC in rats. T...
Source: Anatomical Science International - May 9, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Regional variations in the intra- and intervertebral trabecular microarchitecture of the osteoporotic axial skeleton
AbstractTrabecular structures in vertebral bodies are unequally distributed in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, and also within individual vertebrae. Knowledge of the microstructure of these entities could influence our comprehension and treatment of osteoporotic fractures, and even surgical procedures. Appropriate investigations may clarify the pathomechanisms of various osteoporotic fractures (fish, wedge-shaped, and flat vertebrae). We obtained three cancellous bone cylinders from the centers and margins of cervical vertebra 3 to lumbar vertebra 5, and investigated these in regard of bone volume fraction, trabec...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 24, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Prediction of root canal lengths and pulp volume of the maxillary permanent first molar based on stature, crown diameters, and facial morphometry
This study purposed to develop statistical models to predict palatal (PRL), mesial (MRL), and distal (DRL) root canal length and pulp volume (PV) of the maxillary first permanent molar using stature, gender, mesiodistal (MD), and buccopalatal (BP) crown diameters and some facial morphometries. 57 individuals were included in the study. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure root canal lengths and PV. The PV calculation was carried out using the software ITK-SNAP 3.4.0. PRL was positively correlated with BP, stature, middle facial height, interalar distance, and bicommissural distance (BCD) (p < 0.05). DR...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 20, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Conduct of body donation and cadaveric dissection training during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, impacts and mitigation
This study aimed to explore the conduct of body donations and simulation surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of the committee members of the SMP and the next-of-kin of body donor pledgers. This study utilised a qualitative exploration method to seek an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon. In-depth individual interviews were carried out. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns of themes. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is compulsory before accepting a body donation, and this resulted in the turning down of several donations. Being a donor is the final wish o...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 18, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Three-dimensional ultrastructure analysis of organelles in injured motor neuron
AbstractMorphological analysis of organelles is one of the important clues for understanding the cellular conditions and mechanisms occurring in cells. In particular, nanoscale information within crowded intracellular organelles of tissues provide more direct implications when compared to analyses of cells in culture or isolation. However, there are some difficulties in detecting individual shape using light microscopy, including super-resolution microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wherein the ultrastructure can be imaged at the membrane level, cannot determine the whole structure, and analyze it quantitati...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 18, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Correction: Changes in the volumes and asymmetry of subcortical structures in healthy individuals according to gender
(Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 16, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Bifurcated distal biceps brachii tendon coexisting with separated bicipital aponeurosis: a complex variational case report
AbstractVariations appearing in biceps brachii muscle are common with accessory head, different origins, variant insertion, and different pattern of nerve innervation. However, variations appearing in both origin and insertion, and with other anomalous morphology at the same time are seldom. Here we report a complex variational case on the right arm of a 91-year-old Japanese female cadaver. The complex variations included (1) the biceps brachii muscle bifurcated at its distal ending; (2) the long head had its own tendon, which divided into two parts, i.e., a lateral part fused into the fascia between the brachioradialis an...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 12, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Fibular diaphyseal curvature of the Jomon population
This study investigated differences in the fibular diaphyseal curvature between prehistoric Jomon hunter –gatherers and modern Japanese people. A total of 115 skeletal remains of 40 individuals from the Late/Final Jomon period (approximately 4300–2500 years BP) and 75 modern Japanese individuals were included in the analysis. The degree of anteroposterior and mediolateral diaphyseal curvature was measured based on digital photographs taken from the frontal and sagittal planes at every 5% diaphyseal region between the range of 20–80% of the fibular length. Fibular diaphyseal curvature was compared between both popula...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 11, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Mechanical stretching determines the orientation of osteoblast migration and cell division
AbstractOsteoblasts alignment and migration are involved in the directional formation of bone matrix and bone remodeling. Many studies have demonstrated that mechanical stretching controls osteoblast morphology and alignment. However, little is known about its effects on osteoblast migration. Here, we investigated changes in the morphology and migration of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells after the removal of continuous or cyclic stretching. Actin staining and time-lapse recording were performed after stretching removal. The continuous and cyclic groups showed parallel and perpendicular alignment to the stretch direction, re...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 6, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Inhibitory effect of parthenolide on peripheral nerve degeneration
AbstractTraumatic axonal damage disrupts connections between neurons, leading to the loss of motor and sensory functions. Although damaged peripheral nerves can regenerate, recovery depends on the variety and severity of nerve damage. Thus, many phytochemicals have been studied for their ability to reduce peripheral nerve degeneration, and among them, Parthenolide (PTL), which is extracted from Feverfew has effects against production of free radicals, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thus, we conducted a study to investigate whether PTL has an inhibitory effect on peripheral nerve degeneration during peripheral nerve damage. T...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 6, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Automated three-dimensional major white matter bundle segmentation using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
AbstractWhite matter bundle segmentation using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging fiber tractography enables detailed evaluation of individual white matter tracts three-dimensionally, and plays a crucial role in studying human brain anatomy, function, development, and diseases. Manual extraction of streamlines utilizing a combination of the inclusion and exclusion of regions of interest can be considered the current gold standard for extracting white matter bundles from whole-brain tractograms. However, this is a time-consuming and operator-dependent process with limited reproducibility. Several automated approaches usin...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 5, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Talus bone: normal anatomy, anatomical variations and clinical correlations
AbstractTalus is a pivotal bone that assists in easy and correct locomotion and transfers body weight from the shin to the foot. Despite its small size, it is implicated in many clinical disorders. Familiarity with the anatomy of the talus and its anatomical variations is essential for the diagnosis of any disorder related to these variations. Furthermore, orthopedic surgeons must be fully aware by this anatomy during podiatry procedures. In this review, we attempt to present its anatomy in a simple, updated and comprehensive manner. We have also added the anatomical variations and some clinical points relevant to the uniq...
Source: Anatomical Science International - April 5, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
