Human body donation and surgical training: a narrative review with global perspectives
AbstractUtilization of human material in surgical simulation training has been well-established as an effective teaching method. Despite the value of donor-based surgical simulation training, its application may be hampered by difficulties regarding access to donated bodies. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess body donation and body acquisition practices with regard to surgical simulation training programs around the world. The results of this review highlight discrepancies regarding body donation practices and surgical simulation programs among continents and countries. The utilization of donor bodies in surgic...
Source: Anatomical Science International - October 13, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
The effects of regular swimming exercise and melatonin on the neurons localized in the striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats
In conclusion, these results provide evidence for effective additional protective therapeutic strategies for Parkins on’s disease. In conclusion, results from the current study provide evidence for swimming exercise and melatonin as a promising candidate for effective additional protective strategies for PD. (Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - October 12, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Variant formation and branching pattern of superficial palmar arch in a human cadaver: a case report
AbstractSuperficial palmar arch (SPA) is a dominant vascular structure in the palmar region that provides a major blood supply to fingers. Present case describes a rare formation and branching pattern of SPA in a formalin fixed cadaveric left hand. In this case, SPA was formed by the anastomoses between radial artery (RA) and the superficial brachioulnar artery (SBUA), which is defined as an ulnar artery with a high origin in the arm. More interestingly, unlike classic literature, SPA sends out six branches instead of four, and the principle artery of thumb arises directly from SPA instead of RA. The aforementioned variati...
Source: Anatomical Science International - October 5, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Structural changes and neurotrophic factors upregulation in submandibular gland in a rat model of depression: proposed correlation with stress indicators during and after the relief of depression
This study evaluated the structural changes, the immunohistochemical and gene expression of neurotrophic factors in submandibular gland in a rat model of depression, and their correlation with depression parameters during and after relief of depression by voluntary running. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into control, control-exercise, depression, and depression-exercise groups. Depression was induced using forced swimming protocol, while the relief of depression was induced using the rat voluntary running wheels. The depressive state of rats was evaluated by measuring the immobility duration and the serum corti...
Source: Anatomical Science International - October 1, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Morphometric evaluation and classification of the superior orbital fissure on 3D MDCT images
AbstractThe anatomy of the superior orbital fissure is very important because of the spaces it connects, the regions it is adjacent to, and the structures it contains. We aimed to study the width, length and types of the structure, their change according to gender, body sides, and age. The fissure shape has many variations that are not easy to systematize. Therefore, it was aimed to classify them with various reference points determined for the first time, identify their types and determine their incidence. An objective and comprehensive classification was used on 3-dimensional images using multidetector computed tomograph...
Source: Anatomical Science International - September 28, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anomalous drainage of the right gonadal vein
AbstractThe present research aims to present and describe an unusual and rare anatomical variation in relation to the drainage of the right gonadal vein. This anatomical knowledge is crucial as it assists in the work of surgeons and health professionals in general. The dissection occurred in the anterior wall of the abdomen and, through observational analysis, an anatomical variation was found in the drainage of the right gonadal vein in a human cadaver, obtained by anonymous donation, male gender and without predetermined clinical characteristics, ethnicity, and age, belonging to the Padre Albino University Center collect...
Source: Anatomical Science International - September 15, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Acute colonic flexures: the basis for developing an artificial intelligence-based tool for predicting the course of colonoscopy
AbstractTortuosity of the colon is an important parameter for predicting the course of colonoscopy. Computed tomography scans of the abdominal cavity were performed in 224 (94 female, 130 male) adult subjects. The number of acute (angle not exceeding 90 °) bends between adjacent colonic segments was noted and analyzed. Data were analyzed for correlation with gender, age, height and weight. An artificial intelligence algorithm was proposed to predict the course of colonoscopy. We determined the number of acute flexions in females to be 9.74 ± 2.5 (min–max: 4–15) and in males to be 8.7 ± 2.75 (min–max: 4–...
Source: Anatomical Science International - September 2, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
An evaluation of mandibular canal variations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractThe inferior alveolar nerve and vessels are carried via the mandibular canal, which extends bilaterally from the inferior alveolar foramen to the mental foramen. Bifid and trifid mandibular canals result from abnormal fusions of nerve canals. The purpose of this study was to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of mandibular canal variations among healthy adults, and to identify any potential ethnic, sex, or laterality predilections. The pre valence of the bifid mandibular canal was 18.87% and that of the trifid canal 1.3%. Unilateral variants were three times commoner than bilater...
Source: Anatomical Science International - August 29, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
A surgical modification in the technique of rat pinealectomy
ConclusionAdvantages of this technique were removing a small skull area, modifying the hook insertion point to prevent damaging the brain veins, reducing the bleeding risk and the mortality rate. Surgery modification was associated with a decreased final number of animals used. Regardless of the melatonin shortage, pinealectomy affects different organs, which should be considered in the research study design. (Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - August 27, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anogenital distance and anal position index in cadaveric human fetuses
AbstractThe aim of this study is to contribute to the determination of the normal values of human anogenital distance (AGD) and anal position index (API) in the antenatal period. 59 formalin-fixed human fetuses were examined. AGD was measured by the distance between the center of the anus and the posterior fourchette in females, and the distance between the center of the anus and the posterior scrotal raphe in males. API in female fetuses was determined with the formula API = fourchette–center of anus/fourchette-coccyx formula, and API = posterior scrotal raphe-center of anus/posterior scrotal raphe-coccyx in ma...
Source: Anatomical Science International - August 26, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anatomical variations of the superficial palmar arch in human fetuses
AbstractThe superficial palmar arch is an important anatomical structure that contributes to the arterial supply of the palmar side of the hand in the upper extremity. However, there is limited information on the embryological morphological structure of the superficial palmar arch in the literature. We studied the types of the superficial palmar arch and determined their variations by dissecting 80 upper extremities of 40 formalin-fixed human fetuses (19 males, 21 females) 18 –37 weeks of age. The types and variations of the superficial palmar arch were examined, and the median artery was imaged. The superficial palmar ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - August 4, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Morphologic observation for anomalous patterns of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and atypical insertions: a proposal for a new classification
AbstractIn the present study, four types of variations of the flexor carpi radialis with accessory muscular bundles were classified depending on the origin of the accessory muscular bundle and relationships with the bicipital aponeurosis, biceps brachii, pronator teres, and coracobrachialis.Six types of insertions of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis were also divided according to their inserted positions on the carpal and metacarpal bones. An accessory muscular bundle of the flexor carpi radialis was found in 4 (1 female and 3 males) of 68 cadavers (5.88%), with five examples in 136 arms (3.68%). It was bilateral in...
Source: Anatomical Science International - July 7, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anatomical study of arterial arrangement of the spinal cord in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
This study aimed to investigate the arterial arrangement of the spinal cord in Syrian hamsters, and to identify differences and similarities to humans and experimental animals that are mostly used as models in studies into ischemic spinal cord injuries. This observational anatomical study was conducted on 20 adult Syrian hamsters using dissection and corrosion casting technique. The general anatomy of the arterial blood supply of spinal cord was obtained and noted as follows: (1) high variability in the level of the origin of right and left vertebral arteries, (2) the independent origin of dorsal intercostal arteries, (3) ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - July 1, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
A novel model for hands-on laparoscopic pelvic surgery training on Genelyn-embalmed body: an initial feasibility study
This study reports the initial experience of the utility and feasibility of human donor Genelyn-embalmed body as a novel soft-embalmed cadaveric model for laparoscopic surgical training. An expert laparoscopic surgeon, who organised many fresh-frozen body donor courses, performed deep laparoscopic pelvic dissection and laparoscopic surgical tasks including suturing and electrosurgery on a single Genelyn-embalmed body. The three sessions were performed over a course of 3 weeks. The body was fully embalmed using the Genelyn technique. The technique consisted of a single-point closed arterial perfusion of embalming solution...
Source: Anatomical Science International - June 24, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Cross-sectional geometry of the femoral diaphyseal cortical bones: analysis of central mass distribution
AbstractA detailed analysis of differences in skeletal shape among many individuals is expected to reveal the mechanical significance behind various morphological features. To confirm the distribution of the cortical bone region in cross sections, the relative position of the central mass distribution (CMD) of the cortical bone region to the CMD of the entire cross section was examined. A total of 90 right human femoral skeletons were examined using clinical multi-slice computed tomography. For nine cross sections of each femur, we determined the CMD of the whole area, including both cortical bone and medullary areas, as C...
Source: Anatomical Science International - June 19, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
