Reappraisal of the types of hypoglossal canal: endocranial approach
This study aims to classify the endocranial variations inside the Hypoglossal Canal (HC) and evaluate the elements of the HC region in terms of sizes, diameters, and distances to the nearby surgical landmarks. The present study was done on 18 adult human fixed cadaver heads bilaterally. The internal opening of HC was examined for the presence of dural or osseos septations in the canal and was classified into five types (Type 1 –5). The dimensions of hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and the distance of intracranial openings of HC from the jugular foramen and jugular tubercle were measured. The prevalence of endocranial HC types...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 31, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
An anomalous muscle clinging around the inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
We report an anomalous muscle in this area. The anomalous muscle took its origin from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni and was inserted to the posterior surface of the clavicle. This muscle was 6 cm long and interestingly, it made a loop, which was clinging on to the inferior belly of omohyoid posteriorly, superiorly and anteriorly. The muscle was situated between the lower end of sternocleidomastoid and the carotid sheath. It was supplied by ansa cervicalis. Knowledge of this muscle could be useful in surgeries like removal of cervical rib, and cervical lymph node clearance. Hypertrophy of this muscle might...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 27, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Anatomical characteristics of two cases of aberrant right subclavian artery
AbstractAn aberrant right subclavian artery is a branching variation of the aortic arch. We encountered two female cadavers with an aberrant right subclavian artery during routine student dissection at our school. In both cases, the right subclavian artery was not a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk but originated directly from the distal part of the aortic arch as the last branch and ran between the esophagus and vertebral column, traveling to the upper limb. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve was absent, but a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve branching from the vagus and traveling directly toward the larynx was ...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 22, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
The risk of Creutzfeldt –Jakob disease infection in cadaveric surgical training
AbstractThe usefulness of cadaver surgical training in the clinical field is already well known. In Japan, the number of universities introducing cadaver surgical training is increasing. In addition to formalin fixation, various fixation methods are used, such as the Thiel method, saturated salt solution method, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone method, and fresh-frozen cadavers. Although protection against infections during fixation and cadaver surgical training has been implemented in most universities, it is currently inadequate. Furthermore, the possibility of undiagnosed infectious diseases in donors cannot be excluded. Prion dis...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 21, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Relationship between the lumbosacral plexus deviation and 12th rib length in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
AbstractThe relationship between the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) origin and the 12th rib length was recently determined in humans; cranial and caudal deviations of the plexus origin are related to shortening and elongation of the 12th rib, respectively. However, it remains unclear whether such anatomical correlations are also observed in non-human mammals. To address this issue, in the present study, we evaluated the LSP origin and the 12th rib length in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). In typical cases, the femoral and obturator nerves were derived from both the 4th and 5th lumbar nerves, and the lumbosacral trunk was fro...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 18, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in cadaver surgical training from the combined perspectives of urologists, gastroenterologists and gynecologists improves overall knowledge and technique: initial experience of multidisciplinary cadaver surgical training at a single institution in Japan
AbstractSurgeons in Japan have recently become more familiar with cadaver surgical training (CST). Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) considering the vesicohypogastric fascia and ureterohypogastric nerve fascia is gradually being performed not only in urology, but also in gynecology and gastroenterology. We performed CST using a 76-year-old female cadaver who was fixed by the Thiel method, with the aim of confirming the differences in the extent of PLND performed by certified laparoscopic specialists in urology, gastroenterology and gynecology. Even in the common surgeries, there are still several areas where ana...
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 8, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Considering respect for the donated body: lessons from the scandal in France
AbstractCadaver surgical training (CST) has been developing in Japan in the past 10 years. To perform ethically adequate CST program, sincere respect for the donated body is required. To understand this better, we reviewed the recent scandal at a body donation center in Paris, France. This scandal revealed the disrespectful treatment of donated bodies happening for several years. Therefore, legal regulation over the body donation center has been reinforced. We believe that serious action against disrespectful handling of donated bodies is warranted in Japan. (Source: Anatomical Science International)
Source: Anatomical Science International - March 5, 2022 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
