Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans.

Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2020 Mar 01;71(1):27-47 Authors: Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M Abstract Human metallothioneins are a superfamily of low molecular weight intracellular proteins, whose synthesis can be induced by essential elements (primarily Zn and Cu), toxic elements and chemical agents, and stress-producing conditions. Of the four known isoforms in the human body MT2 is the most common. The expression of metallothioneins is encoded by a multigene family of linked genes and can be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes. To date, 24 SNPs in the MT2A gene have been identified with the incidence of about 1 % in various population groups, and three of them were shown to affect physiological and pathophysiological processes. This review summarises current knowledge about these three SNPs in the MT2A gene and their associations with element concentrations in the body of healthy and diseased persons. The most investigated SNP is rs28366003 (MT2A -5 A/G). Reports associate it with longevity, cancer (breast, prostate, laryngeal, and in paranasal sinuses), and chronic renal disease. The second most investigated SNP, rs10636 (MT2A +838G/C), is associated with breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Both are also associated with several metal/metalloid concentrations in the organism. The...
Source: Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju - Category: Occupational Health Authors: Tags: Arh Hig Rada Toksikol Source Type: research