Chronic Enterovirus Meningoencephalitis in Prolonged B-Cell Depletion After Rituximab Therapy: Case Report

In this study, we report a case of chronic enterovirus meningoencephalitis in prolonged B-cell depletion years after rituximab therapy. Methods This is a case report from a German academic hospital. In addition to repeated clinical examinations, repeated brain MRI and extended CSF and laboratory diagnostics were performed. We used the CARE checklist when writing our report. Results A 38-year-old man presented with high fever (>40°C), severe headache, and progressive neurologic and cognitive deficits. As result of previous lymphoma therapy with rituximab years ago, prolonged B-cell aplasia was detected. To restore humoral immunity, the patient received repeated infusions of immunoglobulins. In the end, a complete restitution of the physical and mental condition was achieved with the established therapy. Discussion This case report should emphasize the importance of assessing humoral immunity even years after B-cell depletion therapy, especially in case of opportunistic infections.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: All Immunology, Encephalitis Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research