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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases
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Total 27724 results found since Jan 2013.
Antileishmanial effects, cellular mechanisms, and cytotoxicity of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil against Leishmania major infection
Trop Biomed. 2023 Jun 1;40(2):259-265. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.2.019.ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease with various clinical manifestations. We studied the therapeutic effects of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil (ECEO) against Leishmania major infection. In vitro effects of ECEO against L. major were examined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and macrophage assays. Nitric oxide (NO) production, infection inhibition in macrophages, and the apoptotic activity of ECEO in treated parasites were also measured. By calculating the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50), we studied the c...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Q A Majeed A Alshammari A D Alanazi Source Type: research
Theileria orientalis Buffeli pathotype in cows in a theileriosis-endemic region of India
Trop Biomed. 2023 Jun 1;40(2):236-240. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.2.015.ABSTRACTOriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis is a growing health concern of lactating cows in its endemic areas. Rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests are demand areas for appropriate and effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the answer for both detection and quantification of parasites. Present study deals with qPCR for detection of parasitemia level of T. orientalis in apparently healthy and clinically affected cows. Major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene present in T. orientali...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: S Sahoo N Sahoo S Biswal B N Mohanty B Behera A Pahari Source Type: research
PD-1 negatively tunes macrophage immune activation by turning off JNK and STAT1 signaling: Exploited by Leishmania for its intra-macrophage survival
Cell Immunol. 2023 Aug 22;391-392:104758. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104758. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe anti-inflammatory role of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) is well appreciated. However, the mechanism of how PD-1 signaling inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages, which is further exploited by Leishmania to foster their intracellular survival, was unknown. We found that among three major MAP kinases regulating immune activation, PD-1 signaling decreased only JNK phosphorylation without perturbing p38 and ERK. Inflammatory transcription factor STAT1 was also inhibited by PD-1. Asso...
Source: Cellular Immunology - August 31, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shalini Roy Anand K Gupta Madhurima Banerjee Pijush K Das Anindita Ukil Source Type: research
New Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) amplifications for Toxoplasma gondii rop18 allele typing: analysis of 86 human congenital infections in Brazil
In conclusion, all severe cases of congenital toxoplasmosis were infected during early pregnancy, but they were not exclusively associated with rop18 allele I parasites, as observed in murine toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, nearly one-fifth of parasites were non-archetypal, exhibiting more than one rop18 allele, indicating a higher genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in this South American sample. Overall, a robust T. gondii rop18 allele typing was developed and suggested that congenital toxoplasmosis in humans involves complex mechanisms beyond the parasite genotype.PMID:37652181 | DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107011
Source: Acta Tropica - August 31, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Emilly Henrique Dos Santos Gabriel Acca Barreira Lidia Yamamoto Mussya Cisotto Rocha Karen Alessandra Rodrigues Maria Carolina Pires Cruz Kelly Aparecida Kanunfre Thelma Suely Okay Source Type: research
Genome structure and population genomics of the canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis
This study aimed to improve the genomic resources of D. immitis to enable a more precise understanding of how genetic variation is distributed within and between parasite populations worldwide, which will inform the likelihood and rate by which parasites, and in turn, resistant alleles, might spread. We have guided the scaffolding of a recently published genome assembly for D. immitis (ICBAS_JMDir_1.0) using the chromosomal-scale reference genomes of Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus, resulting in an 89.5 Mb assembly composed of four autosomal- and one sex-linked chromosomal-scale scaffolds representing 99.7% of the ge...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - August 31, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Javier Gandasegui Rosemonde I Power Emily Curry Daisy Ching-Wai Lau Connor M O'Neill Adrian Wolstenholme Roger Prichard Jan Šlapeta Stephen R Doyle Source Type: research
The same genotype of Sarcocystis neurona responsible for mass mortality in marine mammals induced a clinical outbreak in raccoons (Procyon lotor) 10 years later
This study reports the following new genotyping markers at 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COX1, ITS-1, RON1, RON2, GAPDH1, ROP20, SAG2, SnSRS21 and TUBA1 markers. The identity of Sarcocystis spp. infecting raccoons is discussed.PMID:37652223 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.08.001
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - August 31, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Aditya Gupta Mary Duncan Amy R Sweeny Larissa S de Araujo Oliver C H Kwok Benjamin M Rosenthal Asis Khan Michael E Grigg Jitender P Dubey Source Type: research
Genome structure and population genomics of the canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis
This study aimed to improve the genomic resources of D. immitis to enable a more precise understanding of how genetic variation is distributed within and between parasite populations worldwide, which will inform the likelihood and rate by which parasites, and in turn, resistant alleles, might spread. We have guided the scaffolding of a recently published genome assembly for D. immitis (ICBAS_JMDir_1.0) using the chromosomal-scale reference genomes of Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus, resulting in an 89.5 Mb assembly composed of four autosomal- and one sex-linked chromosomal-scale scaffolds representing 99.7% of the ge...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - August 31, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Javier Gandasegui Rosemonde I Power Emily Curry Daisy Ching-Wai Lau Connor M O'Neill Adrian Wolstenholme Roger Prichard Jan Šlapeta Stephen R Doyle Source Type: research
The same genotype of Sarcocystis neurona responsible for mass mortality in marine mammals induced a clinical outbreak in raccoons (Procyon lotor) 10 years later
This study reports the following new genotyping markers at 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COX1, ITS-1, RON1, RON2, GAPDH1, ROP20, SAG2, SnSRS21 and TUBA1 markers. The identity of Sarcocystis spp. infecting raccoons is discussed.PMID:37652223 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.08.001
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - August 31, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Aditya Gupta Mary Duncan Amy R Sweeny Larissa S de Araujo Oliver C H Kwok Benjamin M Rosenthal Asis Khan Michael E Grigg Jitender P Dubey Source Type: research
An automated malaria cells detection from thin blood smear images using deep learning
Trop Biomed. 2023 Jun 1;40(2):208-219. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.2.013.ABSTRACTTimely and rapid diagnosis is crucial for faster and proper malaria treatment planning. Microscopic examination is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, where hundreds of millions of blood films are examined annually. However, this method's effectiveness depends on the trained microscopist's skills. With the increasing interest in applying deep learning in malaria diagnosis, this study aims to determine the most suitable deep-learning object detection architecture and their applicability to detect and distinguish red blood cells as either malaria-i...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: D Sukumarran K Hasikin A S Mohd Khairuddin R Ngui W Y Wan Sulaiman I Vythilingam P C S Divis Source Type: research
Post-COVID-19 cryptosporidiosis: A serious risk or mere association?
This study analyzed gastrointestinal symptoms, medical histories, fecal Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the history of COVID-19 infection in patients who attended the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, from January to July 2021. Fecal biomarkers, including H. pylori, occult blood, fecal calprotectin (FCAL), and TNF-a, were measured, and Cryptosporidium spp. genotypes were molecularly characterized among post-COVID-19 patients using RFLP. Preliminary results from 210 post-COVID-19 patients revealed that group 1 (Cryptosporidiumpositive) (n = 49) and group 2 (Cryptosporidium-negative) (n = 161) showed no significant differe...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: A E Enas M A Hadel A A Emad B E Ibrahim S Morsy M A Noha Source Type: research
Antileishmanial effects, cellular mechanisms, and cytotoxicity of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil against Leishmania major infection
Trop Biomed. 2023 Jun 1;40(2):259-265. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.2.019.ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease with various clinical manifestations. We studied the therapeutic effects of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil (ECEO) against Leishmania major infection. In vitro effects of ECEO against L. major were examined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and macrophage assays. Nitric oxide (NO) production, infection inhibition in macrophages, and the apoptotic activity of ECEO in treated parasites were also measured. By calculating the 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50), we studied the c...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Q A Majeed A Alshammari A D Alanazi Source Type: research
PD-1 negatively tunes macrophage immune activation by turning off JNK and STAT1 signaling: Exploited by Leishmania for its intra-macrophage survival
Cell Immunol. 2023 Aug 22;391-392:104758. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104758. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe anti-inflammatory role of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) is well appreciated. However, the mechanism of how PD-1 signaling inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages, which is further exploited by Leishmania to foster their intracellular survival, was unknown. We found that among three major MAP kinases regulating immune activation, PD-1 signaling decreased only JNK phosphorylation without perturbing p38 and ERK. Inflammatory transcription factor STAT1 was also inhibited by PD-1. Asso...
Source: Cellular Immunology - August 31, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shalini Roy Anand K Gupta Madhurima Banerjee Pijush K Das Anindita Ukil Source Type: research
Theileria orientalis Buffeli pathotype in cows in a theileriosis-endemic region of India
Trop Biomed. 2023 Jun 1;40(2):236-240. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.2.015.ABSTRACTOriental theileriosis caused by Theileria orientalis is a growing health concern of lactating cows in its endemic areas. Rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests are demand areas for appropriate and effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the answer for both detection and quantification of parasites. Present study deals with qPCR for detection of parasitemia level of T. orientalis in apparently healthy and clinically affected cows. Major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene present in T. orientali...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: S Sahoo N Sahoo S Biswal B N Mohanty B Behera A Pahari Source Type: research
An automated malaria cells detection from thin blood smear images using deep learning
Trop Biomed. 2023 Jun 1;40(2):208-219. doi: 10.47665/tb.40.2.013.ABSTRACTTimely and rapid diagnosis is crucial for faster and proper malaria treatment planning. Microscopic examination is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, where hundreds of millions of blood films are examined annually. However, this method's effectiveness depends on the trained microscopist's skills. With the increasing interest in applying deep learning in malaria diagnosis, this study aims to determine the most suitable deep-learning object detection architecture and their applicability to detect and distinguish red blood cells as either malaria-i...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: D Sukumarran K Hasikin A S Mohd Khairuddin R Ngui W Y Wan Sulaiman I Vythilingam P C S Divis Source Type: research
Post-COVID-19 cryptosporidiosis: A serious risk or mere association?
This study analyzed gastrointestinal symptoms, medical histories, fecal Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the history of COVID-19 infection in patients who attended the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, from January to July 2021. Fecal biomarkers, including H. pylori, occult blood, fecal calprotectin (FCAL), and TNF-a, were measured, and Cryptosporidium spp. genotypes were molecularly characterized among post-COVID-19 patients using RFLP. Preliminary results from 210 post-COVID-19 patients revealed that group 1 (Cryptosporidiumpositive) (n = 49) and group 2 (Cryptosporidium-negative) (n = 161) showed no significant differe...
Source: Tropical Biomedicine - August 31, 2023 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: A E Enas M A Hadel A A Emad B E Ibrahim S Morsy M A Noha Source Type: research
